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^0  .     (^^^,;^^-^«^-<^    ^^^cl^^ 


AN  INTENB&^WFE 


A  SKETCH  OF  THJ^  LIFE  AND  WORK  OP 


REV.  ANDREW  T.  PRATT,  M.D., 


MISSIONARY  OF  THE  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  IN  TURKEY. 


1852 — 1872. 


BY  GEORGE  F.  HERRICK, 

or  ANATOLIA  COLLEGE  AND  MAR80VAN  THEOLOGICAL  SBMINART 


'I must  work  the  works  of  Him  that  sent  me  while  it  it  day.'' 


: :  af  Icming  1b»  tRcvcll  : : 

New  York:  I  Chicago: 

HOUSE,    ASTOR    PLACE,  |  148    AND    150    MADISON    6TREET. 

s  publtsber  of  Svangelical  literature  a 


GIFT 


NOTE  BY  EEV.  GEORGE  WASHBURN,  D.  D.,  PRESI- 
DENT ROBERT  COLLEGE. 


The  following  sketch  of  Dr.  A.  T.  Pratt  comes  from 
one  who  was  intimately  associated  with  him  in  his  last 
years,  and  is  well  qualified  to  appreciate  his  character. 
There  was  nothing  in  Dr.  Pratt's  life  which  was  startling 
or  sensational,  but  it  was  an  inspiration  to  all  who  knew 
him. 

When,  in  the  weariness  of  controversy,  I  seek  for  a  living 
demonstration  of  the  truth  and  power  of  the  Gospel,  his 
life  is  one  of  those  which  always  comes  up  to  confirm  my 
faith. 

1  commend  this  sketch  to  all  who  are  praying  and  work- 
ing for  the  redemption  of  the  world,  and  especially  to 
those  young  men  in  our  colleges  and  seminaries  who  have 
consecrated  themselves  to  Christian  work,  at  home  and 
abroad. 

*  GEORGE  WASHBURN. 

Eobert  College,  Constantinople. 


039 


INTRODUCTION. 


Hands  that  could  better  have  prepared  this  sketch  have 
either  been  Jaid  to  their  last  rest,  or  are  too  burdened  with 
work  to  admit  the  undertaking.  The  sketch  was  partly 
written  before  the  extreme  paucity  of  material  from  the 
sources  thought  most  likely  to  afford  it  in  abundance  was 
fully  known.  It  is  hoped  that  the  record,  brief  as  it  is, 
will  stimulate  many  youth  in  their  resolves  and  aspirations 
toward  that  only  life  worth  living,  a  life  of  usefulness 
to  others. 

To  the  writer  himself  this  renewed  association  with  one 
of  the  rarest  spirits  it  has  ever  been  his  privilege  to  know, 
has  been  emphatically,  a  labor  of  love. 

The  following  is  from  a  minute  adopted  by  the  Mis- 
sion to  Western  Turkey,  at  its  annual  meeting  in  May, 
1873. 

"  Resolved,  2.— That  we  record  our  grateful  acknowledge- 
ment, that,  in  God's  good  Providence,  our  Brother  Pratt 
was  spared  to  do,  for  twenty  years,  most  efficient  work  in 
a  greater  number  of  departments  of  missionary  labor  than 
has,  perhaps,  been  the  privilege  of  any  other  missionary, 
viz.  :  Direct  and  even  pioneer  missionary  work,  the  admin- 
istration of  missionary  responsibility  in  connection  with 
the  work  in  its  advanced  stages,  the  instruction  of  a  native 
ministry,  the  translation  of  the  Bible,  the  general  work 
of  the  Press,  and  the  work  of  a  missionary  physician. 


iv  INTRODUCTION. 

*'  Resolved,  3.— That  our  departed  brother  was  permitted 
in  God's  good  Providence,  to  an  unusual  degree,  to  leave 
behind  him  the  record  of  success  all  along  the  line  of  his 
missionary  life,  and  that  the  hopes  and  plans  he  cherished, 
including  the  last  darling  purpose  of  his  heart  in  connec- 
tion with  the  work  he  laid  down  when  called  up  higher, 
have  been  realized,  or  bear  the  sure  pledge  of  their  real- 
ization, while,  from  the  first  to  last,  our  brother's  native 
modesty  and  Christian  humility  remain  in  memory  as  a 
singularly  bright  example." 

It  is  surely  fitting  that  one  of  whom  such  judgment  can 
be  put  on  record,  should  live  in  the  memory  of  those  that 
come  after  him.  It  is  the  judgment  of  those  who  knew 
Dr.  Pratt  best,  that  a  brief  sketch  of  his  character  and 
work  cannot  fail  to  be  a  healthful  stimulus  to  those  who 
may  read  it. 

Our  brother's  life  might  almost  be  said  to  have  no 
earthly  record.  Evidently  it  was  never  in  his  thought 
that  he  had  any  other  record  to  make  than  that  of  deeds 
well  done  and  a  consecrated  life  worthily  lived.  Besides 
his  official  reports  to  the  society  that  sent  him  out,  few 
of  his  letters  are  to  be  found  ;  his  journals  were  mere 
jottings,  nothing  personal.  Many  of  those  to  whom  he 
wrote  most  frequently,  in  the  earlier  years,  have,  like 
him,  joined  the  company  who  serve  God  day  and  night 
in  His  temple.  In  later  years  his  letters  were  few.  Dr. 
Farnsworth,  of  Caesarea,  has  kindly  allowed  the  writer 
access  to  a  full  correspondence  of  his  with  Dr.  Pratt, 
covering  more  than  half  of  his  missionaiy  life ;  and  several 
facts  stated  in  this  sketch  are  based  on  those  letters  or 
comfirmed  by  them.  These  give  repeated  evidence  of 
the  dangers  attending  upon  travel  in  Tiu'key,  and  of  the 
annoyances  and  sometimes  real  suffering  incident  to  such 
travel  and  to  the  lodging  places,    but  these  are  matters 


INTKODUCTION.  V 

well  known,  and  years  of  experience  render  one  indiffer- 
ent to  most  of  them,  and  improvement  comes  with  time 
even  in  Turkey. 

No  attempt  is  made  to  T\T?ite  Dr.  Pratt's  biography. 

We  simply  pause,  for  a  few  brief  moments,  in  our  own 
life  contiicts,  to  glance  back  over  the  race,  swiftly  run, 
of  a  servant  of  (Jrod,  to  catch  inspiring  glimpses,  here  and 
there,  as  amid  an  Alpine  landscape,  of  an  intense  life, 
all  directed  toward  the  highest  ends ;  of  a  devotion  that 
conferred  too  little  with  tlesh  and  blood ;  of  a  life  that 
had,  to  human  prudence,  too  early  an  ending. 

The  senior  Aintab  pastor  says  : 

"Although  he  lives  no  longer  in  the  liesh,  yet  he 
lives  in  the  hearts  of  those  who  knew  him." 

And  another  friend : 

"In  this  world  we  shall  see  his  face  no  more;  'He 
hath  fallen  on  sleep,'  but  his  memory  will  be  fragrant 
for  long  years  to  come." 

"So  he  vrho  blesses  most  is  blest, 

And  God  and  man  shall  own  his  wortH 
Who  toils  to  leave  as  his  bequest 
An  added  beauty  to  the  earth." 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

I.  Early  and  Student  Years 9 

II.  The  Voyage— The  Mediterranean— Syria 15 

III.  The  Armenian  People 19 

IV.  The  Field  and  the  New  Laborer 21 

V.  Acquisition  and  Use  of  the  Languages 22 

VI.  Early  Missionary  Experiences— Medical 

Practice 23 

VIL  In  Harness ..28 

Vin.  Report  of  the  Visit  to  Marash,  1853 30 

IX.  Kessab 34 

X.  Oorfa— A  New  Church 36 

XL  Under  Pressure— Regret 37 

XII.  Aleppo  Et  Ubique  Gentium 40 

XIII.  Rapid  Progress  at  Marash 41 

XIV.  Literary   Work 42 

XV.  Albustan  and  Yarpu 43 

XVL  Visitors 45 

XVIL  Aleppo  Report,  1860 47 

XVIIL  Life  at  Marash 48 

XIX.  A  Danger  Averted 49 

XX.  Zeitoon 51 

XXL  The  Revival  of"  1866-7  at  Marash 53 

XXIL  The  Years  of  Cholera 54 

1.  In   1865 54 

2.  A  Sudden  Blow 55 

3.  In  1871— Death  of  Little  Andrew 56 

XXIIL  Translation  of  the  Bible 57 

Wide  Reach  of  the  Plan 58 

A  Living  Germ 60 


Viii  CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

XXIV.  As  Lyric  Poet 63 

XXV.  As  Preacher 66 

XXVI.  Incidents 68 

1.  Scene  by  the  Grave  of  Mr.  Goss 68 

2.  Another  Incident 69 

XXVII.  As  Teacher 70 

XXVIII.  Nearer    Glimpses 72 

XXIX.  Weight  of  Judgment  and  Breadth  of 

Scholarship 77 

XXX.  Relation  of  a  Life  to  Its  Eesults 78 

XXXL  The  Closing  Scenes 80 


THK  SKKTCH. 
I. 

EARLY  AND  STUDENT  YEARS. 

Andrew  TuUy  Pratt  was  born  of  pious  parents, 
at  Black  Kock,  near  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  February  22, 
1826. 

The  family  subsequently  removed  to  Berlin,  Conn.J 
where,  in  1837,  when  eleven  years  of  age,  Andrew 
was  received  into  the  Christian  Church.  A  little 
incident  of  his  childhood  well  illustrates  that  phys- 
ical and  moral  sensitiveness  that  characterized  him 
through  life.  ^Vhen  but  four  years  old,  on  one 
occasion,  in  his  father's  absence  from  home,  his 
mother  conducted  family  prayers,  and  prayed  for 
each  of  her  children  by  name.  When  the  family 
rose  from  their  knees,  little  Andrew  said:  "Mother, 
when  you  pray  for  me,  it  hurts  me  here,"  striking 
his  hand  over  his  heart;  "right  here."  He  was 
led  by  his  mother,  who  long  survived  him,  to  look 
forward  to  the  ministry  and  the  missionary  work, 
almost  from  the  date  of  his  conversion. 

He  commenced  study,  preparatory  to  a  liberal 
education,  at  the  Academy  of  Berlin,  with  his  eye 


10 


Aiq:  INTENSE  LIFE. 


upon  the  work  to  which  he  subsequently  devoted  his 
life.  Throughout  his  long  course  of  preparatory, 
collegiate,  theological,  and  medical  studies,  he  uni- 
formly did  the  best  work  with  the  least  noise.  His 
power  of  acquisition  was  much  above  the  average; 
his  progress  was  both  sure  and  rapid.  "I  never 
knew  his  equal,"  says  a  classmate,  "in  improving 
every  moment  of  time." 

Another  classmate  writes:  "I  knew  him  well  and 
had  a  very  high  admiration  of  his  character.  He 
was  one  of  the  most  sincere  and  guileless  persons  I 
have  ever  known,  one  whose  Christianity  w^as  of  the 
very  heart  and  soul  of  the  man.  I  think  the  mis- 
sionary spirit  was  born  in  him  very  early  and 
amounted  almost  to  a  passion." 

We  gladly  insert  the  following  reminiscences  given 
by  Kev.  W.  E.  Moore,  D.D.,  of  Columbus,  Ohio: 
"  Dr.  Pratt  entered  Yale  College,  a  freshman  in  1848. 
He  was  then  in  his  eighteenth  year,  but  in  appear- 
ance far  more  youthful.  His  fresh,  ruddy  counte- 
nance, his  flaxen  hair,  and  his  undeveloped  stature 
gave  him  a  boyish  aspect.  But  his  manliness  and 
true  dignity  of  self-respect  won  for  him  the  regard 
of  all,  and  marked  him  as  one  who  would  be  an 
honor  to  his  class.  His  preparation  had  been  thor- 
ough, and  it  was  obvious  to  all  that  he  had  come 
to  college  with  high  and  manly  aims.  He  was  uni- 
versally known  to  his  classmates  by  his  middle 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  11 

name,  TuUy,  and  the  name  TuUy  Pratt,  was  a  title 
of  endearment  to  those  who  knew  him  best. 

"It  was  my  privilege  to  be  intimately  associated 
with  him  in  class  division  during  onr  whole  college 
course,  and  to  share  the  hospitality  of  his  home — 
then  in  New  Haven — in  no  stinted  measure.  From 
the  beginning  of  the  course,  he  stood  high  in  scholar- 
ship and  was  blameless  in  conduct,  a  model  of  reg- 
ularity and  punctuality  in  attendance  upon  all  col- 
lege exercises.  If  he  had  any  preference  in  his  stud- 
ies it  was  for  the  classics,  but  his  scholarship  was 
remarkably  uniform.  A  most  conscientious  student, 
with  a  high  sense  of  duty,  he  resolutely  mastered 
whatever  task  was  assigned  him.  He  made  large 
use  of  libraries  in  his  leisure  hours.  His  reading, 
outside  of  the  immediate  studies  of  the  class,  was 
chiefly  history  and  biography.  In  the  Junior  and 
Senior  years  he  developed  mentally  with  great  ra- 
pidity. At  graduation  he  stood  within  the  first  six 
or  eight  in  a  class  of  124,  many  of  whom  have  since 
become  distinguished. 

"He  entered  college  a  professed  Christian,  and 
was  always  known  as  an  earnest  and  consistent 
follower  of  the  Master.  He  was  always  present  at 
the  prayer  meetings  of  the  class  and  college,  taking 
his  part  in  the  exercises.  His  piety  was  not  fitful 
nor  emotional,  but  it  was  known  to  all  to  be  the 
controlling  guide  of  his  daily  life.    His  leading  char- 


12 


AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 


acteristic  was  a  quiet  but  intense  earnestness,  which 
showed  itself  in  everything  he  did.  By  nature  he 
was  modest  and  unobtrusive,  but  he  never  shrank 
from  what  seemed  to  him  to  be  duty.  Duty  with 
him  was  imperative,  and  he  always  undertook  it 
with  confidence  in  the  Divine  guidance  and  help. 
He  was  a  young  man  of  remarkable  purity  of  speech 
and  behavior;  no  one  ever  heard  from  him  an  im- 
pure  word  or  saw  a  doubtful  act. 

"From  the  beginning  of  his  college  course  he  felt 
strongly  drawn  toward  the  work  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions. When  he  graduated,  after  years  of  con- 
scientious self-scrutiny  as  to  his  motives  and  his  fit- 
ness for  that  work,  and  of  careful  preparation  for 
it,  his  purpose  was  fixed  to  enter  that  work,  should 
God  call  him  to  it.  His  was  the  enthusiam  of  a  deep 
and  earnest  nature;  with  high  and  holy  purposes, 
fed  by  familiar  communion  with  God,  and  deepened 
by  the  ever-growing  conviction  that  he  was  called 
to  glorify  God  in  the  work  of  the  ministry,  whether 
at  home  or  abroad. 

"His  college  life  was  the  sure  prophecy  that  what- 
ever God  might  call  him  to  do,  he  would  do  it  with 
his  might,  and  with  success.  His  missionary  life — 
to  human  view  all  too  brief — was  the  fulfillment  of 
that  prophecy.  Few  of  our  missionaries  have  been 
more  deserving  to  be  held  in  everlasting  remeni- 
brance." 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,  M.D, 


13 


Young  Tratt  graduated,  in  due  course,  in  1847, 
and,  in  the  five  years  following,  completed,  at  New 
Haven  and  New  York,  a  full  course  of  theological 
and  of  medical  study.  Throughout  his  course  of 
study,  he  received  but  a  small  modicum  of  aid  from 
liis  father,  not  more  than  a  thousand  dollars,  largely 
supporting  himself  by  teaching  and  other  work. 

A  classmate  of  Dr.  Pratt  in  the  New  Haven  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  has  kindly  supplied  reminiscences 
of  his  later  student  life  from  which  we  condense 
what  follows: 

"Among  the  choice  spirits  whose  names,  to  the 
writer,  are  fragrant  with  the  sweetest  memories,  is 
the  late  Dr.  Andrew  T.  Pratt.  Beautiful  and  sim- 
ple were  the  elements  that  made  up  his  social  life. 
Some  years  ago,  when  a  good  man  died,  one  said 
of  him :  ^  those  who  knew  him  in  private  life  will  nat- 
urally recur  to  his  admirable  social  qualities,  the 
frankness  of  his  disposition,  the  generosity  of  his 
sentiments,  the  largeness  of  his  views,  his  extraor- 
dinary conversational  powers,  his  perfect  independ- 
ence, and  yet  courtesy  in  differing  from  others.' 
These  words  may  be  applied  to  Dr.  Pratt.  Socially, 
^  he  spread  his  joy  over  all  the  day,'  ^  a  man  of  cheer- 
ful yesterdays  and  confident  to-morrows.'  His  in- 
tellect was  one  of  high  order;  he  was  a  keen  ob- 
server; books  were  his  companions;  he  was  eager  to 
enrich  his  mental  culture;  yet,  in  reading,  he  re- 


14  A^   INTENSE   LIFE. 

membered  the  saying  of  Cariyle; '  If  time  is  i>recious, 
no  book  that  will  not  improve  by  repeated  readings 
deserves  to  be  read  at  all/  In  the  seminary  class  of 
1852,  no  one  read  more  or  better  books  than  did 
Young  Pratt.  His  was  a  life  of  prayer  in  its  best 
and  highest  meaning.  He  talked  with  God  as  friend 
talketh  with  friend.  When  Moses  had  been  talking 
with  God,  the  skin  of  his  face  shone,  but  he  knew 
it  not.  No  more  did  our  brother  realize  the  light 
and  blessedness  reflected  from  his  own  soul  life. 
Others  saw  and  were  constrained  to  say, '  How  beau- 
tiful are  the  ways  of  one  who  keeps  near  to  Christ;' 
and  in  those  praying  circles,  when  in  that  upper 
room,  a  few  of  us  met  once  or  twice  a  week,  what 
voice  more  sweet,  and  tender,  and  mellow,  with 
the  love  of  Christ  than  his  of  whom  I  write." 

"I  cannot  forget  his  pleadings,  so  gentle  and  yet 
so  earnest,  that  the  Life  which  was,  and  is,  the  Light 
of  men,  might  take  possession  of  all  our  hearts. 
Of  all  the  young  men  at  that  time  in  the  Divinity 
School  at  New  Haven,  I  do  not  recall  one  who,  in 
my  judgment,  had  in  him  more  of  that  spirit  which 
prompts  its  possessor  to  pray  without  ceasing. 

"His  aim  and  end  in  life  was  to  exalt  Christ.  He 
could  say,  in  all  sincerity,  '  I  am  crucified  with 
Christ,  nevertheless  I  live,  yet  not  I,  but  Christ 
liveth  in  me.'  Christ  to  him  was  real.  He  looked 
into  His  eyes;  he  took  hold  of  His  hand;  he  walked 


REV.   A.   T.  PRATT,  M.D.  15 

by  His  side;  he  joyed  in  His  presence;  and  when 
he  left  home  and  friends  that,  in  a  far  away  land, 
he  might  be  the  beloved  physician  both  to  the  bodies 
and  the  souls  of  men,  it  was  the  love  of  Christ  that 
constrained  him.'' 


11. 

THE    VOYAGE— THE    MEDITERRANEAN-SYRIA. 

Dr.  Pratt  received  his  appointment  as  a  mission- 
ary of  the  American  Board,  and  was  designated  to 
North  Syria,  now  the  Central  Turkey  Mission,  in 
1852,  was  ordained  August  8,  the  same  year — mar- 
ried the  same  day  to  Miss  Sarah  F.  Goodyear — and 
on  the  22(1  of  the  following  December  sailed  from 
Boston  for  Smyrna,  in  the  bark  Sultana,  together 
with  Kev.  (now  Dr.)  W.  A.  and  Mrs.  Farnsworth, 
Miss  Maria  A.  TV  est  and  others.  It  was  not  till 
several  years  later  that  sending  out  missionaries 
by  steamer  was  even  thought  of  by  the  officers  of 
the  Board.  ^'The  long  sea- voyage  is  an  admirable 
time  for  reflection,"  Dr.  Anderson  used  to  say.  And 
if  there  was;  in  any  case,  too  much  of  romance  in 
the  setting  out,  it  was  liable  to  be  cooled  amid  the 
experiences  of  the  sailing  ship!  And  yet  those 
little  cabins  were  very  Bethels  oftentimes,  witness- 
ing renewed  and  complete  consecrations,  close  and 


16  AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 

sweet  Christian  comniimings  of  kindred  minds,  and 
fruitful  efforts  for  the  salvation  of  seamen. 

The  voyage  was  unu,.ually  short,  only  thirty  days 
from  Boston  to  Smyrna.  The  associations  formed 
on  the  Sultana  grew  into  life-long  friendship,  espe- 
cially between  those  who  lived  and  worked  long 
together  either  in  the  same  mission,  or  in  those  ad- 
joining; those  who  used  a  common  language  and 
labored  chiefly  for  the  same  race,  meeting  similar 
experiences  as  the  years  of  life  and  labor  passed. 

Miss  West  says:  ''Dr.  Anderson  kindly  placed 
me  under  the  special  care  of  Dr.  Pratt;  he  had  said 
to  me  that  they  had  never  yet  sent  out  a  man  so 
thoroughly  qualified  for  his  work  in  both  the  Theo- 
logical and  the  Medical  Departments.  An  own 
brother  could  not  have  been  more  kind,  considerate 
and  thoughtful  for  a  sister's  comfort  and  welfare 
than  was  he  then  and  even  up  to  the  time  of  his  de- 
parture for  the  '  Better  land.'  " 

In  the  early  days  of  the  new  year,  the  Sultana 
passed  the  Pillars  of  Hercules,  and  the  Kock  of 
Gibraltar,  the  old  home,  on  either  side,  of  Spaniard 
and  of  Moor, — on  into  the  clear,  blue  waters  of  the 
Mediterranean.  Every  bay  and  headland,  every  rood 
of  shore,  the  very  sky  and  air  are  full  of  stories 
of  the  ages  of  the  peoples  that  have  made  up  hu- 
man history.  There  are  few  men  In  whom  both  soul 
and  sense  would  keep  time  more  accurately,  to  the 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,  M.D.  17 

music  of  such  environment  than  was  true  of  Dr. 
Pratt.  A  few  days — and  his  nerves  thrill  and  his 
blood  tingles  as  he  looks  on  the  near  hills  of  Greece, 
passes  among  her  islands,  catches  a  glimpse  of  the 
Temple  on  Sunium,  and  even  sees,  in  the  distance, 
the  very  acropolis  of  immortal  Athens.  There  is  a 
witchery  in  the  very  clearness  and  softness  of  the 
still  air  of  early  morning.  Again  and  again  has  he 
crossed  already  the  track  of  that  Apostle  to  the 
Gentiles,  in  whose  footsteps  he  is  literally  to  tread 
in  the  coming  years.  He  disembarks  at  Smyrna, 
and  his  feet  press  the  soil  trodden  eighteen  cen- 
turies before  by  the  "Beloved  Disciple,"  and  one 
century  later  by  his  pupil  of  like  spirit,  the  noble 
Polycarp.  "Infidel  Smyrna,"  the  Turk  calls  it,  be- 
cause the  Christian  population  has  always  greatly 
outnumbered  the  Moslem.  He  reads  ancient  inscrip- 
tions, visits  historic  sites,  but  his  soul  goes  out  to 
the  people,  and  his  work.  His  mind  is  busy — his 
heart  beats  quicker  with  the  thought,  "this  land  is 
henceforth  to  be  my  home;  these  people,  Greeks, 
Armenians,  Turks,  are  those  whom  I  am  to  learn 
to  love  henceforth,  whose  salvation  I  am  to  seek,  in 
whose  tongue  I  am  to  tell  of  a  living  and  loving 
Savior." 

At  Smyrna  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Pratt  separated  from 
their  missionary  traveling  companions,  and  em- 
barked on  board  a  steamer  which  took  them  along 


18  An  intense  life. 

a  coast  in  whose  every  line  he  read  the  history  of 
Ionian  Greek,  and  of  Christian  Greek,  of  twenty- 
five  and  of  fifteen  centuries  ago.  He  passed  by 
Ephesus,  Ehodes,  Cyprus,  and  landed  at  Alexan- 
dretta,  to  begin  his  missionary  life  close  by  where 
Paul  embarked  on  his  first  missionary  journey.  He 
was  now  nearing  his  future  home,  Aintab.  Only 
the  land  journey  of  less  than  a  hundred  miles  re- 
mained. 

The  whole  region  into  the  centre  of  which  he 
thus  came,  in  the  ardor  and  passion  of  a  missionary 
devotion  never  excelled,  seldom  equalled,  is  a  region 
crowded  to  bursting,  with  historic  memories  and 
ancient  relics.  About  thirty-eight  centuries  ago, 
the  feet  of  Abraham,  the  "Friend  of  God,"  passed 
over  that  very  soil,  from  northeast  to  southwest. 
About  sixteen  centuries  later,  over  those  lands,  on 
either  side  of  the  Euphrates,  Alexander  the  Great 
had  rushed,  like  a  sirocco,  to  his  glorious  conquest 
of  Persia,  and  his  inglorious  death  at  Babylon.  In 
the  following  years  the  same  region  was  the  centre 
of  the  Syrian  or  Seleucian  monarchy,  a  fragment  of 
that  vast  empire  that  Alexander  had  conquered 
but  never  formed,  much  less  ruled.  Over  Koman 
military  roads,  still  traceable,  the  Koman  legions 
passed  and  repassed  in  the  decades  before  and  after 
the  birth  of  Christ.  In  the  middle  centuries  of  our 
era,  Armenians  had  pushed  southward  from  their 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,  M.D.  19 

ancient  homes,  and  lived  in  those  storied  lands.  Four 
and  a  half  centuries  ago,  the  ruthless  Tamourlane 
had  there  wantonly  slaughtered  his  helpless  victims 
in  hecatombs  and  myriads. 

Nearly  every  form  of  the  civilization  of  the  ancient 
world  successively  had  its  home  in  those  fertile 
lands,  and  lastly  the  Turk  swept  northward  and 
westward  from  Central  Asia  and  trampled  on  them 
all.  Dr.  Pratt  was  the  very  man  to  be  deeply  im- 
pressed by  such  surroundings,  and  it  is  one  of  the 
striking-evidences  of  his  devotion  to  a  high  purpose, 
that  while  the  relics  of  ancient  history  attracted 
his  attention,  and  were  observed  with  intelligent 
interest,  his  references  to  them,  in  what  he  wrote, 
are  always  brief. 


Ill 

THE    ARMENIAN    PEOPLE. 

It  is,  at  once,  a  wonder  of  history  and  a  triumph  of 
Christianity,  even  when  that  Christianity  is  cor- 
rupted, that  two  and  a  half  millions  of  the  Armenian 
race  still  exist,  after  six  centuries  of  oppression,  and 
not  only  exist,  but  show  a  wonderful  elasticity  and 
capacity  for  intellectual  elevation  and  spiritual  reno- 
vation. Through  a  large  part  of  North  Syria  and 
Anatolia,  the  Armenian  race  almost  wholly  lost 
their  national  language,  and  were  forced  to  adopt 


20  AJS  INTENSE  LIFE. 

that  of  their  conquerors  and  oppressors.  Yet  it  is 
pathetic  to  see  how  they  have  clung  to  some  words 
of  their  own  language,  salutations,  words  expres- 
sive of  Christian  ideas,  proper  names,  etc. 

The  writer,  not  long  since  met  with  an  intelligent 
Armenian  community  in  a  Turkish  city,  the  mem- 
bers of  which  are  ignorant  of  the  commonest  words 
in  Armenian,  and  yet  are  quite  offended  if  one,  not 
a  Moslemi,  bid  them,  "Good  morning,"  or  "Good 
evening,"  in  any  other  language  than  their  own  na- 
tional tongue. 

At  present  there  is  an  enthusiastic  revival,  in  all 
the  principal  centres  of  the  Armenian  population, 
of  the  study  of  their  national  language. 

It  was  among  this  race  that  evangelical  influence 
in  North  Syria,  as  in  other  parts  of  Western  Asia, 
gained  the  first  strong  foothold  under  the  labors  of 
the  American  Missionaries,  which  began  at  the  capi- 
tal, Constantinople,  twenty  years  before  Dr.  Pratt 
came  to  Aintab,  a  city  of  North  Syria  of  some 
35,000  population,  about  one-third  Armenians  and 
two-thirds  Mohammedans.  He  reached  that  city 
March  2,  1853,  when  the  work  there  was — we  may 
say — a  little  more  than  five  years  old.  He  was  ap- 
pointed .to  take  the  place  vacated  by  the  death  of 
the  lamented  Dr.  Azariah  Smith,  and  to  be  asso- 
ciated with  the  well  known  missionary,  Kev.  Benja- 
min Schneider.  D.D. 


REV.  A.  T.  PRATT,  M.D.  21 

IV 

THE  FIELD  AND  THE  NEW  LABORER. 

The  work  in  Aintab  itself  had  already  gained  con- 
siderable momentum,  and  w  as  well  started  in  other 
places;  but  there  was  not  yet  a  native  ministry,  not 
even  a  single  native  pastor.  In  the  work  of  educa- 
tion only  a  beginning  had  been  made.  The  Gospel 
had  been  effectively  and  eloquently  preached,  and 
with  marked  results.  But  the  great  work  of  estab- 
lishing permanent,  growing  Christian  institutions, 
whose  seed  is  in  themselves,  institutions  ecclesias- 
tical, evangelistic  and  educational, — the  slow  pro- 
cess of  remolding  society  and  establishing  vital 
Christianity,  the  new  birth  of  races,  the  inaugura- 
tion of  a  new  era  which  is  now  well  begun, — all  this 
solid  foundation  work  was  then  future.  In  this 
Dr.  Pratt  had  a  large  share. 

He  entered  upon  his  work,  as  regards  every  form 
of  preparation,  exceedingly  w^ell  equipped.  But 
above  and  beneath  all  other  equipment,  he  had, — 
one  might  almost  say  he  was  one  intense  and  dom- 
inant purpose,  viz. — to  offer  to  the  Master,  in  all 
simplicity  and  humility,  the  largest,  the  richest, 
the  completest  possible  service,  till  life  should  end. 
Whatever  he  was,  whatever  he  had  acquired,  was 
consecrated,  without  reserve,  to  the  service  he  was 
entering.  Beneath  those  flashing  eyes,  in  that  little 
physical  frame,  lay  coiled  up  a  tremendous  spirit 


22  AK  INTENSE  LIFE. 

force.  From  that  time  on,  for  twenty  years,  that 
force  glowed  like  a  furnace  of  anthracite;  it 
burned  like  an  electric  light.  He  went  right  into 
the  harvest  field,  all  ready  for  the  sickle,  and  we 
may  say  that  he  wielded  a  sickle  in  each  hand,  as 
he  was  both  doctor  and  preacher.  How  earnest — 
how  plaintive  they  appear  to  us  now — the  calls  he 
made  again  and  again,  during  those  early  years, 
for  reinforcements.  No  general  ever  held  a  position 
or  made  an  advance  with  higher  determination,  w^ith 
truer  heroism,  or  with  clearer  consciousness  that 
he  was  very  rapidly  spending  and  being  spent  in 
the  struggle. 

V 

ACQUISITION   AND   USE   OF   THE   LANGUAGE. 

Dr.  Pratt  had  hardly  set  foot  upon  the  soil  of 
Turkey  before  he  began  the  systematic  study  of 
the  language,  the  Turkish,  which  he  so  soon  and  so 
signally  made  to  serve  his  one  life  purpose.  As 
a  physician  he  had  his  hands  full  of  work  from  the 
beginning.  At  the  same  time,  there  were  multitudes 
on  every  hand  ready  to  hear  the  message  of  salva- 
tion from  his  lips.  Under  such  a  pressure,  most  men 
would  have  been  content  with  very  moderate  attain- 
ments in  the  language.  Not  so  Dr.  Pratt.  If  a  drago- 
man may  not  blunder  in  interpreting  between  the  em- 


REV.  A.  T.  PRATT,  M.D. 


23 


bassador  of  his  sovereign  and  the  ruler  to  whom  he  is 
accredited,  he  was  unwilling  to  blunder  in  telling 
the  message  of  the  King  of  Kings  to  high  or  low,  to 
the  learned  or  the  unlearned.  He  acquired  the  lan- 
guage thoroughly.  He  used  the  best  helps  that 
books  could  give  him;  he  talked  with  men  of  everj- 
rank  and  race.  In  this  respect  his  position  as  a  phy- 
sician gave  him  access  and  scope  not  within  the 
reach  of  all.  And  after  the  first  years, — ^we  might,  in 
his  case,  almost  say  the  first  year,  had  passed,  his 
use  of  Turkish,  in  conversation,  in  preaching,  in 
teaching,  in  official  communications,  oral  and  writ- 
ten, in  his  printed  books,  both  in  prose  and  poetry, 
was  marked  by  transparent  clearness,  correctness, 
force.  He  efl'ected  no  elegant  tricks  or  meretri- 
cious blandishments  of  style — ^too  common  in  native 
writers — ^but  the  common  man  knew  his  meaning, 
and  the  learned  Turk  gained  new  respect  for  his  own 
language  when  he  heard  it  from  this  foreigner. 
Turks  wondered  at  his  use  of  their  language,  and 
sometimes  could  hardly  be  persuaded  that  he  was 
not  a  native  of  the  country. 

VI 

EARLY    MISSIONARY    EXPERIENCES— MEDICAL    PRACTICE. 

As  said  above,  Dr.  Pratt  reached  Aintab  March 
2,  1853.    On  the  28th  of  the  same  month  he  wrote: 


24  AH  INTENSE  LIFE. 

"The  work  here  and  in  the  neighborhood  is  truly 
great.  The  American  Churches  do  not  begin  to 
know  what  it  is,  or  to  appreciate  the  want  of  men. 
Hardly  a  sermon  is  preached  but  we  hear  of  some 
impression  made  by  it.  There  are  other  places 
nearly  as  interesting,  though  the  work  has  not 
advanced  so  far." 

Just  six  months  before,  Dr.  Schneider  whose 
life  and  work  has  made  so  deep  a  mark  upon  that 
whole  region,  had  made  his  first  visit  to  what  has 
now,  for  many  years,  been  one  of  the  great  evangel- 
ical centres  of  this  empire,  viz.,  Marash;  and  that 
visit  may  be  regarded  as  the  real  beginning  of  the 
great  work  there,  the  first  foothold  gained  against 
the  fierce  persecution  with  which  the  Gospel  was 
first  received,  a  persecution  more  sharp  and  persis- 
tent, perhaps,  than  at  any  other  point  in  the  land. 

Dr.  Pratt  wrote  to  Mr.  Farnsworth  April  23. — 
"I  am  fairly  at  work  practising:  go  to  the  dispensary 
every  day  for  an  hour,  have  had  150  different  cases." 
A  little  more  than  a  year  later  he  says:  "I  have 
now  students  who  can  make  up  my  medicine  pre- 
scriptions, and  as  I  am  free  from  ^making  pills '  my- 
self, I  don't  mind  the  number  of  patients." 

At  one  time  there  were  seventy  persons  arranged 
in  three  rows  around  the  doctor's  study.  Three 
years  later  the  assistant  accompanied  Dr.  Pratt  to 
a  neighboring  city,  and  under  his  personal  inspec- 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,  M.D.  25 

tion,  opened  the  eyes  of  thirty  blind  people  by  per- 
forming the  operation  for  cataract. 

The  oldest  Anitab  Pastor,  Eev.  Krikore  Haratu- 
nian,  states  that  one  of  Dr.  Pratt's  medical  pupils 
has  performed  2,300  successful  operations  for  cal- 
culus and  more  than  3,000  other  surgical  operations. 
Many  years  later,  while  residing  on  the  Bosphorus, 
and  in  enfeebled  health,  his  friends  tried  to  persuade 
him  to  use  some  of  the  fees  received  for  medical 
services  among  the  English  residents  near  by,  to 
purchase  a  horse  and  so  secure  needed  exercise.  His 
unvarying  reply,  "my  time,  my  strength  all  belong 
to  the  American  Board;  this  money  is  not  mine," 
shows  that  the  devotion  of  his  early  years  was  the 
conscientious  rule  of  his  whole  life.  An  incident 
taken  from  his  correspondence  with  Dr.  Farns- 
worth,  in  the  year  1854,  shows  what  was  the  signifi- 
cance of  his  work  as  Missionary  Physician.  In  Sep- 
tember of  that  year,  there  was  severe  sickness  in 
the  family  of  Mr.  Ford,  of  Aleppo.  The  doctor  went 
to  Aleppo,  with  Mrs.  Pratt,  to  be  absent  from  home 
several  weeks.  They  were,  without  doubt,  the  means 
of  saving  at  least  one  life.  Dr.  Pratt  says :  "  Brother 
Ford  threw  the  responsibility  on  us,  and  so,  I  think, 
was  saved  from  sickness  himself.  It  is  pleasant  to 
be  useful.  I  didn't  do  much  else  at  Aleppo,  only 
wrote  one  sermon  a  week!"  (The  exclamation  point 
is  ours,  not  included  in  the  quotation).    Those  who 


26  AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 

know  by  experienec  what  the  doctor's  position  must 
have  been,  will  wonder  that  he  found  a  free  minute 
to  write  out  even  the  text  of  a  sermon  at  such  a  time. 
The  following  is  from  a  letter  of  Dr.  Pratt,  dated 
April  28,  when  he  had  been  on  the  field  just  eight 
weeks,  and  when  his  associates,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crane, 
were  compelled,  for  reasons  of  health,  to  retire  from 
Anitab :  "  On  account  of  Mr.  Schneider's  absence  on 
a  tour  to  Diarbekir,  Mr.  Crane  preached  all  day.  In 
the  afternoon  he  addressed  the  people  for  the  last 
time.  When  he  had  finished  nearly  all  were  in  tears. 
It  was  thought  it  would  comfort  the  brethren,  as  I 
was  to  be  left  alone  with  them,  if  they  could  see  me 
take  some  part  in  the  service.  I  read  from  the  third 
chapter  of  John.  Seldom  has  one  had  an  audience 
more  in  sympathy  with  him.  I  felt  a  new  joy,  and 
when  one  of  the  brethren  prayed  for  him  who  had 
then  first  read  to  them  from  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
tears  of  joy  and  thanksgiving  came,  that  even  so 
feebly,  in  such  a  place,  I  might  make  known  the  Gos- 
pel of  Salvation.  To  plead  with  them  from  a  free 
tongue  will  be  precious  work  indeed.  It  seems  to 
me  that  this  missionary  life  is  one  of  high  joys  and 
keen  sorrows;  and  one  of  the  keenest  sorrows  is  to 
feel  that  these  poor  people  who  are  earnest  for  in- 
struction must  be  le^t  to  their  ignorance,  because 
none  can  be  found  to  come  and  teach  them  or  those 
who  are  here  are  called  away." 


REV.   A.   T.  PRATT,  M.D.  27 

Very  early  was  our  brother  called  to  drink  of  this 
cup  of  sorrow,  of  which  he  was  to  drink  so  often  and 
so  deeply  in  later  years. 

In  his  letter  of  July  30,  Dr.  Pratt  mentions  the 
constant  interruptions,  sometimes  needless,  upon 
his  hours  of  study,  of  those  who  came  for  medi- 
cines, etc.,  and  various  other  annoyances  incident 
especially  to  a  missionary's  earliest  experiences, 
and  says : 

''Mr.  Dunmore,  the  indefatigable  missionary  pio- 
neer in  Eastern  Turkey,  while  alone  at  Harpoot, 
some  year  or  more  ago,  found  his  time  taken  up  with 
calls  and  conversation  with  inquirers  of  every  de- 
scription. He  had  not  yet  learned  his  famous,  la- 
conic answer,  a  single  word  in  Turkish, — to  ques- 
tions merely  curious:  'It  has  not  been  written.' 
Under  the  pressure  he  resolved  to  seize  upon  some 
time,  each  morning,  for  preparing  his  sermons,  and 
gave  notice  from  the  pulpit  accordingly,  carefully 
noting  the  hours  when  he  desired  not  to  be  inter- 
rupted. 

"  The  following  morning,  just  as  he  had  opened  his 
Bible,  there  was  a  rap  at  his  door.  He  gave  his 
visitor,  one  of  the  principal  men  of  the  congregation, 
rather  a  cold  welcome,  saying :  '  Didn't  you  hear  the 
notice  and  request  I  gave  yesterday?' 

"'Oh,  yes,'  was  the  reply, '  and  that  is  why  I  came 
now ;  I  knew  others  would  be  deterred  from  coming, 


28  AK  INTENSE  LIFE. 

and  so  we  should  have  time  for  a  good  long  talk  all 
to  ourselves!' 

"  You  must  not  suppose  from  this  that  we  are  dis- 
heartened. I  only  mention  these  facts  as  part  of  a 
true  picture.  Disheartened!  Oh,  no!  If  the  people 
are  wanting  in  certain  things,  we  wonder  that  they 
are  as  correct  as  they  are,  when  every  aj)pearance 
of  prosperity  is  only  a  signal  for  new  burdens  and 
taxes.  We  rejoice  at  their  willingness  to  learn;  we 
wonder  that  anything  is  left  to  a  people  oppressed 
by  foreign  rulers  and  debased  by  their  own  church. 
When  we  see,  as  we  often  do,  sweet  Christian  experi- 
ence, with  the  fruits  of  love  and  peace  and  other 
Christian  graces,  we  give  thanks  to  Him  who  has 
wrought  these  things  by  his  mighty  power.  And 
when  we  see  evil  passion,  and  wrong  in  the  heart 
and  life,  we  yearn  over  the  subjects,  and  rejoice  that 
we  are  here  to  live  and  labor  for  them.  We  do  love 
the  people  and  the  work,  and  desire  no  higher  office 
than  this  ministry  wherewith  we  minister." 


VII 

IN  HARNESS. 

When  Dr.  Pratt  had  been  at  Aintab  barely  eight 
and  a  half  months,  and  that  the  hot  season  of  the 
year,  with  time  for  study  much  interrupted,  he  went, 
unattended,  except  by  native  companions,  to  the 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  29 

then  new  field  of  Marasli,  to  engage,  for  nearly  two 
months,  in  the  most  intense  sort  of  missionary  work. 
It  is  doubtful  if  this  has  any  parallel  in  mission- 
ary experience;  a  tour  like  that  undertaken,  and  a 
language  as  different  as  the  Turkish  successfully 
used,  after  eight  and  a  half  summer  months  in  the 
field.  As  Marash  was,  in  later  years.  Dr.  Pratt's 
home,  a  few  words  of  description  may  fitly  be  given 
here. 

The  Taurus  Mountains  are  that  grand  range, 
which  extends  from  near  Brusa,  running  nearly 
south  to  within  fifty  miles  of  the  Mediterranean, 
then  east,  almost  to  Harpoot,  dividing  extreme 
Western  Asia,  Greek  Asia,  or  Asiatic  Hellas,  from 
Anatolia,  the  land  of  the  "Sunrising,"  and  then 
Anatolia  from  North  Syria.  What  was  afterwards 
known  as  the  Marash  Missionary  Station  occupies  a 
section  of  the  Taurus  range,  including  more  than 
6,000  square  miles,  and  is  a  region  of  grand  natural 
scenery.  Seen  from  a  high  point  near  the  centre 
of  the  range  the  mountains  seem  piled  one  upon 
another. 

The  city  of  Marash,  about  forty  miles  north  of 
Aintab,  with  a  population  of  30,000,  one-third 
Armenians,  lies  among  scattered  foot  hills,  which 
skirt  the  base  of  the  southernmost  ridge  of  the 
Taurus.  The  houses  are  so  scattered  that  not  more 
than  half  of  the  city  is  seen  from  any  one  point. 


30  AN   INTENSE   LIFE. 

Cick  of  the  city  the  mountains  rise  4,000  feet  above 
the  sea,  2,000  above  the  city.  Opposite  the  city,  to- 
ward the  south,  is  the  mountain  which  forms  the 
abrupt  terminus  of  the  Amanus  range,  which  runs 
north  from  M;)unt  Lebanon,  and  the  valley  at  the 
south  and  east  may  be  regarded  as  the  northern 
limit  of  the  "Entering  in  of  Hamath,"  since  it  con- 
nects, at  the  south,  with  the  valley  of  the  Orontes, 
and  so  with  the  region  of  Coele  Syria. 

Dr.  Pratt's  own  words  shall  describe  his  work  at 
Marash,  on  the  occasion  of  his  first  important  tour. 


VIII. 

REPORT   OF   THE   VISIT   TO   MARASH,    1853. 

"Marash,  November  18,  (day  after  arrival),  I  had  a 
visit  from  about  ten  persons. 

"Sunday,  20. — We  have  had  three  services.  The 
one  at  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning  was  most  fully 
attended.  Twenty-eight  men,  eight  hojs  and  three 
or  four  women  were  present  at  Sabbath  School. 

"  Sunday,  27. — Our  largest  number  to-day  has  been 
twenty-nine. 

"  30. — To-day  I  was  building  a  new  but  rough  room 
for  my  better  accommodation,  when  I  was  agree- 
ably surprised  by  my  wife's  appearing,  in  company 
with  a  much  esteemed  native  brother.  I  had  more 
pause  for  thankfulness  than  I  knew,  till  J.  h^ard  her 


REV.   A.    T.   PRATT,   M.D. 


31 


account  of  the  fearful  scene  through  which  she  had 
passed,  and  how  the  Lord  had  dehvered  her  out  of 
the  hand  of  violence.* 

"What  renewed  obligations  we  are  under  to  de- 
vote these  lives  to  his  service! 

"Becember  1st. — We  are  quietly  settled  in  our  own 
board  palace,  ten  feet  by  twelve.  An  old  woman,  a 
Protestant,  insists  that  she  will  bring  us  milk  every 
day.  Has  she  not  served  the  old  Church  these  many 
years,  and  never  got  any  good  to  her  soul?  Now 
was  it  a  great  thing  to  do  something  for  those  who 
brought  the  Gospel  to  her?    She  told  us  she  had 


*Dr.  Schneider  liad  accompanied  Mrs.  Pratt  half  the  distance 
from  Aintab ;  they  had  been  beset  by  robbers  an/i  roughly  handled. 
Mrs.  Pratt,  however,  was  not  ill-treated,  only  greatly  frightened. 

Few  missionaries  of  experience  iii  Turkey  have  escaped  falling 
once  or  more,  into  the  hands  of  robbers.  Three  missionaries 
have  beeu.  killed  by  robbex's  witliin  thirty  years,  viz. :  Mr.  Cofflng, 
Mr.  Merriam  and  Mr.  Parsons.  Pei'haps  none  have  failed  to 
meet  with  robber  bands  on  their  journeys,  or  to  see  the  gleam  of 
their  weapons,  from  behind  some  shelter  to  right  or  left,  when 
they  have  been  restrained  from  attack  by  Him  who  guardeth  His 
people  from  the  terror  by  night  and  from  the  arrow  that  flieth 
by  day.  Such  incidents  sometimes  'have  both  an  amusing  and  in- 
structive side. 

Dr.  Goodale,  of  Marash,  was  once  traveling  with  one  attend- 
ant when  tliree  suspicious  looking  and  heavily  armed  men  joined 
him  from  a  road  on  the  right.  He  stopped  to  lunch ;  they 
stopped,  too.  Soon  they  began  to  boast  of  their  arms,  and  come 
to  close  quarters.  It  was  before  the  day  when  all  robber  bands 
were  armed  with  the  best  revolvers.  Missionaries  generally  go 
unarmed,  but  Dr.  Goodale,  carried  a  good  six  shooter.  "  Pooh,  your 
arms  are  nothing,"  said  the  Doctor.  "See  here,"  and  deliberately 
discharged,  one  after  another,  three  of  the  barrels  of  his  revolver, 
careful  to  reserve  as  many  charges  as  there  were  robbers  opposed 
to  him.  "And  it  will  keep  right  on  so,  and,  see  here,"  he  said, 
and  pulled  out  his  false  teeth  and  held  them  up.  Suddenly  the 
robbers  bade  the  foreign  necromancer  good  bye  and  turned  and 
went  on  their  way. 

Mr.  Dunmore  was  once  traveling,  unarmed  and  alone,  when 
he    was    stopped    by     two    mounted  and    armed    Koords.     Tliey 


32  AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 

feared  God  all  her  life  and  been  very  faithful  to  the 
rites  of  her  Chnrch;  hut  she  never  could  find  peace 
till  she  found  it  in  the  pure  G  ospel  of  Christ. 

"  December  4.th. — Sunday,  forty-five  different  hear- 
ers. 

"  December  5th. — I  have  been  called  to-day  to  see 
a  sick  priest.  His  case  is  not  hopeful  as  to  any  ex- 
pectations of  his  recovery;  but  I  talked  with  him 
freely  on  spiritual  and  personal  religion,  and  the 
blessed  privilege  of  going  directly  to  Christ,  rather 
than  to  saints  and  creatures.  He  did  not  interpose 
a  word  of  objection.  I  was  afterwards  called  to  two 
other  priests,  and  had  similar  conversations.    There 

demanded  his  money,  but  he  had  so  very  little  that  they  said, 
with  a  manner  that  made  tliem  appear  teiTibly  in  earnest,  "  Now 
we  are  going  to  kill  you."  '•  Very  well,"  said  Mr.  Dunmore.  "  I 
came  here  to  preacli  the  Gospel  to  such  as  you ;  let  me  preach  to 
you  first,  and  then  you  may  kill  me,"  and  pulled  out  his  New  Test- 
ament and  began.  Tlxey  were  awed  by  conduct  so  extraordinary, 
and  let  him  go  unharmed. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Parsons,  the  gentlest  of  men,  at  least  twice  met  with 
robbers  before  that  last  waking  from  sleep  for  one  brief  instant, 
on  his  quick  passage  into  heaven.  Once  he  was  returning  from 
Constantinople  to  his  home  at  Bardesag,  with  a  donkey  load  of 
books,  mostly  New  Testaments  in  several  languages.  As  he  was 
passing  through  the  stunted  trees  below  his  house,  he  was 
stopped  by  tlie  notorious  Sefteri,  a  Greek,  the  terror,  for  years,  of 
the  shores  of  the  Nicomedia  Gulf.  The  sum  of  money  that  Mr. 
Parsons  had  with  him  was  but  a  few  piasters,  and  the  robber  was 
going  to  take  the  load.  "The  load  is  all  New  Testaments,  and 
there  are  some  in  Greek,  and  the  price  is  six  piasters,  you  had 
better  buy  one,"  said  Mr.  Parsons.  Whether  Sefteri  thought  it  a 
good  .ioke,  or  from  higher  motive,  he  bought  a  Testament  and 
sent  the  missionary  safely  to  his  home. 

On  another  occasion  Mr.  Parsons,  together  with  his  wife  and 
Miss  Farnham,  was  returning  from  a  tour  in  his  field  when, 
rounding  a  corner  in  the  road,  he  was  suddenly  brought  to  a  halt 
by  a  man  pointing  his  gun  at  him.  The  man  got  but  three  dol- 
lars, after  all  his  searching,  and  complained  :  "  Now,  this  isn't 
fair;  I've  w^aited,  day  after  day,  for  a  week,  right  here,  for  your 
return,  and  now  am  I  to  get  biit  three  dollars  ?" 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  33 

were  present  from  five  to  ten  i^ersons  at  each  place, 
who  thus  heard  the  truth,  with  a  confession  of  it 
from  their  own  teacher.  I  find,  however,  one  difii- 
culty  in  talking  with  many  of  tlie  people.  They 
have  a  vague,  superstitious  religionism,  which  trusts 
alike  to  Sgiints  and  to  Mary  and  to  Christ;  and 
when  you  speak  of  the  Savior,  they  astonish  you 
with  expressions  of  the  most  perfect  trust  and  deep 
Christian  feeling,  while  we  must  often  think  that 
all  is  heartless  and  vain.  Sometimes,  however,  they 
profess  they  do  not  know,  and  show  by  their  manner 
that  they  do  not  care. 

^'  December  8th. — I  have  been  left,  contrary  to  my 
expectations,  without  help  for  nearly  two  weeks, 
and  find  that  I  suffer  from  holding  six  services  a 
week.  But  what  can  I  do  ?  After  service  this  even- 
ing I  felt  unable  to  move;  but  soon  I  had  a  call  from 
some  half  dozen  persons  to  discuss  a  question  about 
baptism,  and  I  could  not  refuse  them.  So  it  is,  a 
missionary  is  placed  where  there  seems  to  be  no  way 
but  to  overwork;  and  then  the  churches  wonder  that  < 
he  breaks  down.  If  they  would  man  every  post, 
they  would  not  see  their  men  thus  cut  down  so  often. 

"December  31st. — I  went  to-day  with  Mrs.  Pratt 
to  the  last  of  seventeen  families  which  she  has  vis- 
ited  since  her  arrival.  They  have  received  her 
kindly  and  listened  to  her  reading  and  remarks. 

"January  1st,  1854. — Our  year  has  begun  with  the 


'34  AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 

largest  audience  we  haye  yet  seen  numbering  in  all 
sixty-six,  of  whom  fifteen  were  married  women. 

January  2d. — Our  school  is  daily  increasing,  hav- 
ing now  twenty -five  in  all. 

"January  3rd. — When  we  parted  with  some  who 
followed  us  out  of  the  city,  their  last  cvj  was :  ^Do 
not  forget  to  send  us  a  missionary;'  and  I  went  on 
my  way,  musing  sadly  in  my  heart,  for  I  did  not 
know  who  would  go.  I  will  take  up  the  cry  and 
send  it  over  the  waters  to  you.  I  cannot  send  them 
a  missionary,  cannot  you?" 

Dr.  Pratt  returned  to  his  post  and  work  at  Aintab 
in  the  first  days  of  the  year. 


IX. 

KESSAB. 

Kessab  is  a  village  with  a  population  of  2,000  Ar- 
menians— no  Moslems — situated  at  the  head  of  a  fer- 
tile valley  in  Mount  Casius,  south  of  Antioch  and 
near  both  to  the  city  and  the  sea.  The  high,  bare, 
precipitous  rocks  of  the  mountains  behind  the  place 
are  its  citadel.  The  Gospel  gained  a  strong  foot- 
hold there  early,  and  the  progress  was  rapid;  it  was 
an  out-station  of  Aintab.  In  midsummer  of  1854  we 
find  our  brother  taking  his  vacation,  as  missionaries 
very  commonly  do,  by  one  of  these  tours  ^'in  the 


REV.   A.   T.  PRATT,  M.D. 


35 


field,"  which  brings  a  missionary  into  the  most  vital 
and  constant  touch  with  the  people  in.  their  own 
homes.  He  visited  KessalD,  where  persecution  was 
then  raging,  a  long  report  of  which  he  made  to  the 
Missionar}^  House,  and  bj  means  of  which  the  good 
work  made  rapid  progress.  Of  another  visit  to  Kes- 
sab,  made  nine  months  later,  i.  e.,  two  years  after 
he  reached  his  field,  he  whites  thus: 

"  On  the  Sabbath  before  I  left  we  had  a  very  sol- 
emn communion  season.  The  room  was  crowded  as 
were  the  windows,  and  even  a  neighboring  roof, 
with  attentive  listeners.  I  spoke  of  the  agony  and 
death  of  Christ,  and  after  receiving  the  confession 
and  covenant  of  the  new  members,  administered  the 
simple  rite.  It  was  intensely  interesting,  and  a 
remark  of  an  Armenian  who  was  present  for  the 
first  time  disproves  the  argument  of  those  who  say 
that  shows  and  pageantry  are  necessary  to  impress 
I'ude  minds.  He  had  seen  the  mass  a  score  of  times, 
but  he  said,  after  witnessing  our  simple  service,  that 
he  had  never  seen  Christ  crucified  so  plainly  before. 
In  the  afternoon  seven  children  were  baptized,  and 
the  house  was  again  crowded.  To  my  sermon  on 
baptism,  a  plain  exposition  of  its  nature  and  mean- 
ing, they  listened  with  a  serious  stillness  that  was 
very  gratifying.  The  day,  as  a  whole,  was  one  of 
the  most  interesting  that  I  have  ever  spent;  and  it 
was  closed  by  a  few  words  of  advice  and  encourage- 


36  AN  INTENSE   LIFE. 

Inent  to  the  brethren  who  came  to  my  room  in  the 
evening.  No  one  couUl  fail  to  have  his  heart  warmed 
by  such  a  visit." 


X. 

^  OORFA-A    NEW    CHURCH. 

In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year,  1855,  Dr.  Pratt  is 
found  on  a  tour  eastward  to  Oorfa,  as  medical  and 
preaching  missionary;  and,  although  the  place  was 
not  yet  occupied  as  a  station,  hardly  as  an  out-sta- 
tion, yet  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  forming  a  Church 
in  that  ancient  and  important  centre,  "Ur  of  the 
Chaldees,"  as  missionaries  in  that  region  have  gen- 
erally held  it  to  be,  is  a  city  of  nearly  40,000  inhabi- 
tants, about  one-fourth  of  whom  are  Armenians  or 
Jacobites,  the  latter  numbering  about  a  thousand, 
situated  in  Mesopotamia,  half  way  between  Aintab 
and  Mar  din.  It  has  always  been  a  place  of  impor- 
tance, and,  since  1857,  has  become  an  important 
evangelical  centre.  Dr.  Pratt  says :  "  On  the  second 
Sabbath  of  December,  we  were  permitted  to  form  a 
little  Church  of  six  members,  live  of  them  males  and 
celebrated  the  ordinances  of  Baptism  and  the  Lord's 
Supper.  This  is  tlie  first  time  that  this  has  been 
done,  in  a  Scriptual  Avay,  for  hundreds  of  years.  It 
was  a  most  interesting  occasion,  and  the  hearts  of 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  37 

the  new  communicants  were  very  tender.  We  tru-st 
the  faith  of  Abraham  has  once  more  revived  in  the 
home  of  his  chihlhood." 


XL 

UNDER  PRESSURE— REGRET. 

Eeports  and  preserved  accounts  of  Dr.  Pratt's  work 
grow  less  full  as  the  work  he  did  became  more  mul- 
tifarious and  pressing,  acquired  experience  mak- 
ing every  skilled  blow  tell  with  more  decisive  signi- 
ficance, while  his  strength  to  meet  the  too  heavy 
strain  grew  less.  His  medical  knowledge  and  skill, 
his  sound  judgment,  the  thoroughness  of  his  intel- 
lectual training,  his  strength  of  will,  his  utter  free- 
dom from  all  vacillation,  either  of  mind  or  character, 
his  facile  use  of  the  language,  his  quickness  of  exe- 
cution, made  him  a  man  constantly  in  demand. 

Already  we  anticipate  the  keen  regrets,  strongly 
expressed  by  our  brother  in  his  later  years:  "No 
man  should  attempt  to  be  both  a  medical  and  a 
preaching  missionary;  he  will  inevitably  fail  in  one 
or  both,  or  break  down  in  his  prime."  He  never 
could  quite  give  up  medical  practice,  as  he  would 
gladly  have  done;  and  even  after  his  health  failed, 
he  would  go  anywhere,  at  any  time,  at  any  degree 
of  personal  sacrifice,  to  render  medical  service  in  a 


38  AJS  INTENSE  LIFE. 

missionary  family,  or  to  those  in  need  and  without 
other  help — his  kindness  ever  more  precious  even 
than  his  skill — and  certainly  he  did  break  down  early 
from  excess  of  labor. 

The  extract  that  follows  is  from  a  letter  of  Dr. 
Pratt  to  the  Missionary  House,  dated  February  23, 
1857,  when  he  had  been  on  the  field  not  quite  four 
years.  His  seidor  associate  was  absent.  Perplex- 
ing difficulties  had  arisen  in  the  Church,  in  connec- 
tion with  their  own  affairs,  in  connection  with  the 
support  of  the  Head  of  the  Protestant  Civil  Com- 
munity at  Constantinople,  and  in  connection  with  a 
movement  to  establish  Episcopacy  in  their  midst. 
The  labor,  and  still  more,  the  burden  of  responsi- 
bility, thrown  upon  a  young  missionary,  must  have 
been  fearful.  The  first  native  pastor  had  been  or- 
dained less  than  a  year;  i.  e.,  in  March,  1850. 

"The  past  year  may  be  said  to  have  been  one  of 
unbroken  prosperity  among  the  people  in  all  their 
temporal  concerns;  and  recently,  their  credit  has 
been  increased  by  the  deposal  of  a  bribe-taking  Gov- 
ernor, directly  in  consequence  of  their  representa- 
tions at  Constantinople.  You  will  readily  believe 
that  all  these  things  have  had  no  little  influence,  and 
that,  too,  of  a  kind  not  the  most  desirable.  Worldly 
prosperity  and  honor,  the  success  of  almost  all  their 
plans,  both  private  and  public,  continual  additions 
to  their  numbers,  and  the  universal  respect  they  com- 


REV.   A.   T.   PEATT,  M.T>.,  39 

mand,  are  working,  I  fear,  that  love  of  the  world, 
that  pride  and  self-consequence  to  w^hich  the  human 
heart  everywhere  is  so  prone.  But  perhaps,  in  all 
this,  there  hath  no  temptations  taken  them,  or  us, 
but  such  as  is  common  to  man.  We  are  embarked 
in  a  large  ship,  we  have  a  fine  breeze,  and  are  mak- 
ing good  headw^ay;  but  for  all  that,  there  are  break- 
ers here  and  there,  and  be  the  helmsman  as  skillful 
as  he  may,  if  the  crew  do  not  work  with  him,  the 
vessel  may  go  ashore.  And  so,  too,  it  may,  if  the 
pilot  mistakes  and  fails  to  steer  right;  but  we  hope 
for  better  things. 

"  We  have  much  cause  for  gratitude  for  the  degree 
of  harmony  existing  between  pastor  and  people,  and 
for  the  relief  we  have  ourselves  experienced  from  his 
aid.  Though  the  taxes  of  the  i>eople  have  been 
heavy,  they  have  collected,  besides  the  pastor's  sal- 
ary,  4,000  piasters  for  schoolhouse  and  school;  1,800 
piasters  for  an  addition  to  the  Court  of  the  Church, 
and  1,740  piasters  for  the  poor  and  the  heathen.  Our 
average  audience  has  been  670.  Native  women  have 
taken  up  Mrs.  Schneider's  work  among  women,  since 
her  death.  We  have  counted  272  women  who  can 
read,  80  of  them  still  connected  with  the  Old  Church. 
Our  book  sales  have  been  increased:  prejudices 
among  the  x\rmenians  are  breaking  down."  In  the 
same  letter  Dr.  Pratt  gives  account  of  a  believing 
Turk,  and  reports  a  recent  hopeful  tour  to  Kessab. 


4:0  AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 

XII. 

ALEPPO  ET  UBIQUE  GENTIUM. 

Dr.  Pratt  removed  in  October  of  this  year,  that  is, 
1857,  to  Aleppo,  the  capital  of  the  Province,  the 
most  imi^ortant  commercial  centre  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, a  worldly  and  wicked  city  of  some  80,000  inhab- 
itants of  many  races,  mostly  Mussulman.  Till  1855 
it  was  a  part  of  the  Syrian  Mission,  and  was  occu- 
pied by  a  missionary;  the  chief  languages  are  Arabic 
and  Turkish.  He  nominally  resided  there  till  the 
spring  of  1861,  when  he  joined  Mr.  Morgan  at  Anti- 
och,  that  great  centre  of  the  Christianity  of  the  first 
centuries,  when  the  disciples  were  first  called  Chris- 
tians— present  population  about  15,000,  and  lived  in 
Antioch  till  his  removal  to  Marash  in  18G3.  We 
say  "nominally,"  because  he  resided  at  the  out-sta- 
tion, KJllis,  almost  as  much  as  at  Aleppo,  and  he 
was  frequently  called  to  other  stations  or  out-sta- 
ions,  as  the  needs  of  the  work  in  the  whole  mission 
required.  For  example,  he  was  hardly  settled  in 
Aleppo  before  he  was  called  back  to  Aintab,  to  assist 
in  settling  the  difficulties  referred  to  in  the  above 
extract  from  his  letter.  After  that  visit  he  wrote  as 
follows : 

"In  looking  back  we  see  great  gains  from  this  un- 
precedented confusion. 

1,  "  'We  have  the  whole  matter  of  the  Head  of  the 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  41 

Civil  Community  fully  understood  by  all  the  people, 
a  tliinj^  vainly  striven  for  before,  for  more  than  three 
years. 

2.  "  'We  have  their  confession  of  ability  and  their 
promise  to  pay,  and  to  render  it  obligatory  upon 
every  member  to  bear  his  proportion  of  this  burden. 

3.  "'The  position  and  relation  of  the  pastor  are 
better  defined  and  his  influence  increased. 

4.  "'We  have  tried,  and  proved  to  be  sound,  the 
moral  sense  of  the  mass  of  the  people.' 

"  However  many  adhered  to  the  opposing  party  for 
a  time,  it  was  not  from  any  unwillingness  to  do  their 
duty  in  the  matter,  but  from  an  undefined  fear  of 
some  tyranny  to  result  from  this  relation  to  their 
CivarHead.  This  fear  removed,  they  were  on  the 
side  of  right.  The  hold  the  pastor  has  on  the  affec- 
tions of  the  people  was  also  manifested.  The  women, 
especially,  were  very  zealous,  and  one  proposed  to 
get  two  hundred  ^omen  to  subscribe  and  pay  the 
whole  amount." 

XIII. 

RAPID   PROGRESS  AT   MARASH. 

In  October,  1858,  at  the  close  of  a  letter  written 
from  Marash  to  the  Missionary  Home,  on  "  Sanitary 
Topics,"  Dr.  Pratt  says:  "I  can  hardly  help  allud- 
ing to  our  visit  here  nearly  five  yeai-s  since,  and  to 


42  AN  INTENSE   LIFE. 

the  great  work  God  has  done  in  that  time.  On  the 
Sabbath  nineteen  were  received  to  church  fellow- 
ship, making  the  whole  number  ninetj^-six,  all  gath- 
ered in  four  years.  I  saw  a  sea  of  six  hundi^ed  faces 
before  me;  five  years  ago  the  most  was  sixty-six. 
The  community  now  numbers  nine  hundred  souls; 
then  it  was  less  than  forty.  What  a  work  to  be  en- 
gaged in !"  Yet  he  says  in  a  private  letter  some  time 
before:  "I  do  not  much  rejoice  in  large  congrega- 
tions— ^long  for  a  deep  spiritual  work." 


xrv. 

LITERARY  WORK. 

From  about  this  time  on,  till  his  visit  to  America, 
early  in  1860,  Dr.  Pratt  spent  a  part  of  his  time, 
associated  with  Mr.  Morgan,  in  preparing,  in  Turk- 
ish, a  brief  text  book  of  Systematic  Theology.  The 
book  was  issued  from  the  Mission  Press  at  Con- 
stantinople in  1861,  and  is  a  12mo,  of  264  pp. — 
nominallj^  a  translation  from  an  English  original. 
But  in  fact  Dr.  Pratt  spent  much  labor  on  the  book ; 
and  as  Christian  Theology  in  Turkish  was  well 
nigh  a  terra  incognita,  a  careful  writer  would  be 
compelled  to  "turn  back  his  stile  "  continually.  The 
work  is  one  of  real  merit,  and  did  much  to  keep 
the  evangelical   churches   "  steady "  ia  the  fierce 


BEV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  43 

storm  of  controversy  over  the  Atonement  and  kin- 
dred doctrines,  tliat  broke  out  in  the  Central  Mis- 
sion and  raged  so  threateningly  between  the  years 
1865 — 1867.  Dr.  Pratt  always  claimed  that  the 
book  would  have  been  many  per  cent,  better  if  it 
had  not  been  so  much  "revised  "  by  the  Publication 
Committee  at  Constantinople,  "to  suit  the  style  of 
the  Capital."  As  very  high  authorities  claim  that, 
of  places  in  the  empire,  Aintab  takes  the  palm  in 
the  matter  of  pure  idiomatic  Turkish,  and  as,  con- 
fessedly, among  foreign  Turkish  scholars,  Dr.  Pratt 
never  had  a  peer  in  the  province  of  Aleppo,  it  is 
highly  probable  that  his  judgment  on  the  "revision  '^ 
of  his  Theology  was  not  far  wrong.  Certainly,  as 
time  passes,  Turkish  style  at  the  Capital  is  more 
influenced  by  the  best  usage  of  the  provinces. 


XV. 

ALBUSTAN  AND  YARPUZ. 

In  the  Autumn  of  1859,  Dr.  Pratt  made  an  ex- 
tended and  important  tour  through  his  own  "field  " 
and  nearly 'the  whole  of  the  Marash  field. 

He  says,  in  reporting  his  visit  at  Killis:  "There 
has  been  a  great  increase  of  interest  and  the  num- 
ber of  Mussulman  hearers  is  quite  considerable. 
Every  Sabbath  as  many  as  five  men  and  women 


44:  AN   INTENSE   LIFE. 

and  oftener  ten  or  fifteen,  are  found  listening  to 
the  sermons." 

The  report  of  the  visit  to  Albustan  and  Yarpuz, 
lying  north  of  the  Taurus,  cannot  be  very  much 
abridged:  "We  were  soon  over  the  mountains,  and 
all  day  were  in  the  pine  woods  of  the  northern  slope 
of  the  Achur  Dagh,  till  at  night  we  encamped  on 
the  banks  of  the  Jihan.  Our  tent  did  good  service 
in  a  rainy  and  cold  night.  Early  in  the  morning 
we  entered  the  pass  of  the  Taurus,  through  which 
this  rushing  river  finds  its  way,  and  all  that  day 
were  creeping  along  precipices  on  narrow  ledges,  or 
clinging  to  the  sides  of  steep  hills.  Once,  on  our 
return,  a  pack  horse,  missing  his  footing,  fell  down 
one  of  these  narrow  paths  and  was  instantly  killed. 
The  scenery  was  grand  in  the  extreme;  rock  upon 
rock,  frowning  precijuces,  one  after  another,  almost 
endlessly,  and  the  river  running  at  the  bottom  of 
the  valley  in  maddest  fury.  When  about  nine  hours 
from  Marash,  we  came  to  the  bridge  on  the  Zeitoon 
road,  burned  some  weeks  since  by  the  Zeitoonites, 
when  the  Pasha  led  an  expedition  against  them, 
for  the  sake  of  compelling  them  to  pay  large  ar- 
rears of  taxes,  an  attempt  in  which  he  was  unsuc- 
cessful. Some  twelve  hours  from  Marash,  under 
a  threatening  precipice,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
river,  are  the  forges  of  the  Zeitoonites,  for  fear  of 
whom  no  Protestant  has  heretofore  been  able  to 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  45 

pass  over  this  road.  I  am  happy  to  saj  that  I  met 
with  neither  injury  nor  insult,  and  esteem  this  as 
one  sign  of  the  softening  down  of  this  bigoted  peo- 
ple. (A  large  number  of  these  bold  Armenian  moun- 
taineers have  since  become  earnest,  evangelical 
Christians).  On  Friday,  the  7th,  we  turned  off 
from  the  pass,  and  crossed  the  mountains,  and  our 
rain  became  snow.  We  had  exchanged  the  summer 
we  had  only  three  days  before,  for  a  cold  wind  in 
our  faces,  and  a  heavy  snow-storm  for  two  hours. 
We  suffered  but  little,  however,  and  on  Saturday, 
the  8th,  we  arrived  at  Albustan." 


XVI. 

VISITORS. 

"The  next  day,  besides  the  Protestant  brethren, 
all  of  whom  came  to  see  me,  I  had  two  calls  from 
Mussulmans.  One  was  an  old,  and  poorly  dressed 
man,  who  immediately  asked  me  to  read.  I  opened 
where  I  had  just  been  reading,  and  we  were  soon 
discussing  the  meaning;  I  had  many  a  talk  with 
him  afterwards.  He  was  once  in  comfortable  cir- 
cumstances, but  some  years  ago  began  to  seek  sal- 
vation, gave  up  his  bnsiness  and  lives  now  on  a 
mere  pittance.  He  now  appears  even  to  accept 
Christ  as  God,  sacrifice  and  Savior,  but  has  many 


4:6  AN   INTENSE   LIFE. 

crude  notions  about  ^  denying  the  flesh,'  about 
'■  dwelling  in  love,'  and  'dying  to  the  world.'  Half 
mystic,  half  ascetic,  he  is  not,  I  fear  a  Christian  and 
perhaps  never  will  be.  I  had  calls  during  the  week 
from  ten  Mussulmans,  all  of  them  talking  freely 
about  our  doctrines.  They  acknowledge  Christ's 
diviuity,  and  some  of  them  speak  quite  boldly. 
They  are  rather  heretical  Moslems,  than  Christian 
inquirers,  but  their  w^ell-known  sentiments  and 
their  uniform  approval  of  Protestantism  gave  an 
opportunity  for  labor  among  this  class  of  people 
w^hich  is  scarcely  found  in  any  other  place  in 
our  field.  One  young  man,  not  connected  with  those 
mentioned,  has  been,  for  a  year  oi'  two,  under  the 
influence  of  the  truth.  He  seems  to  be  a  renewed 
man,  avoids  sin,  is  conscientous,  and  keeps  the  Sab- 
bath. Many  know  of  his  position,  but  as  yet  he 
lives  in  peace;  may  he  be  the  first  fruits  of  a  great 
harvest.  A  Moslem  priest  of  much  repute,  took 
one  of  our  brethren  aside  one  day,  and  asked  him 
if  there  would  be  any  protection  for  him  if  he  should 
preach  Christ.  He  had  obtained  a  New  Testament, 
and  had  read  it  with  some  care.  Doubtless  he  i^ 
not  a  solitary  instance  of  such  secret  conviction, 
and  some  day — Avho  know^s  how  soon — the  whole 
land  will  be  open  before  us,  and  we  shall  be  called 
to  go  in  and  freely  otTer  the  benefits  of  evangelical 
Christianity  to  all  its  races. 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,  M.D.,  47 

The  third  week,  after  examining  candidates  for 
Church  membership,  and  accepting  three,  I  spent 
three  days  in  visiting  Yarpuz.  This  is  a  village 
of  some  350  houses,  GO  of  them  Armenian.  It  is  the 
ancient  Arabissus  (Yarpuz  is  not  Turkish,  but  a  cor- 
ruption of  the  ancient  name),  once,  as  scores  of  col- 
umns testify,  a  large  place.  I  found  one  Greek 
inscription  on  a  tombstone,  and  others  had  evidently 
been  erased;  but,  strange  to  say,  many  a  Moslem 
grave  had  an  old  headstone  adorned  with  the  cross. 


XVII. 

ALEPPO  REPORT,   1860. 

In  the  spring  of  1859,  the  state  of  Mrs.  Pratt^f* 
health  made  it  necessary  for  her  to  leave  the  field 
for  a  time.  Her  husband  accompanied  her  across 
the  Mediterranean,  and  thence  returned  to  his  post;, 
leaving  her,  with  little  Clara,  to  go  on  without  him. 
He  followed  his  family  a  year  later,  and  closes 
the  report  of  his  station,  April,  1860,  as  follows: 

"We  thank  God  for  the  work  in  Killis,  and  take 
courage  for  Aleppo.  It  is  a  worldly  and  wicked 
city,  but  needs  the  Gospel  all  the  more  for  that; 
and  we  are  willing  to  spend  and  be  spent  for  it,  if 
it  be  God^s  will  concerning  us.  It  is  important  in 
itself  and  important  in  its  relations,  and  we  hope 


48  AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 

will  not  be  left  unoccupied.  We  commend  it  to  the 
Mission,  trusting  that  the  best  possible  provision 
may  be  made  for  it,  and  leaving  it  to  Our  Heavenly 
Father,  to  place  us  here  again,  or  not,  as  may  seem 
best  to  Him." 

xvin, 

LIFE  AT  MAEASH. 

"Vyhile  still  occupying  the  Aleppo-Antioch  Station, 
in  the  late  autumn  of  1862,  Dr.  Pratt  visited  Adana, 
and  had  a  share  in  the  early  stages  of  the  work 
in  that  important  centre.  The  failure  of  the  health 
of  both  Mr.  White  and  Dr.  Goodale  left  the  impor- 
tant Station  of  Marash  vacant,  and  Dr.  Pratt  went 
there  to  reside  in  1863,  and  did  there,  perhaps, 
the  most  important  work  of  his  life,  whether  as 
preacher,  teacher,  author,  or  guide  in  missionary 
affairs.  There  his  own  health  broke  down.  While 
there  he  buried  his  beloved  daughter,  Clara.  There 
he  watched  over  the  swift  and  fatal  illness  of  his 
younger  and  stronger  associate,  and  most  promis- 
ing missionary,  Kev.  Zenas  Goss,  who  died  August 
28,  1864.  From  there  he  went  for  rest,  in  1865, 
only  to  have  the  beloved  Morgan  removed  from  the 
work  they  labored  in  together.  There  he  gathered 
in  the  fruits  of  a  most  pow^erful  revival.  There  he 
taught  in  the  School  of  the  Prophets,  and  prepared 
men  of  like  spirit  for  the  work  of  the  ministry. 


REV.  A.  T.  PRATT,  M.D.  49 

From  there  lie  made  his  last  removal  to  Constanti- 
nople to  engage  in  the  work  which  was  in  hand 
when  he  received  his  final  and  early  lelease  from  the 
ranks  of  the  Church  militant.  When  he  went  to 
Marash,  to  reside,  he  found  the  Protestants  there 
in  unhappy  condition,  unworthy  men  in  the  Church, 
and  divisions  occasioned  by  youthful  ambitions 
fostered  by  outside  support.  This  state  of  things 
soon  gave  place,  however,  to  a  prosperity  which  has 
continued  till  the  present  time.  About  this  time  he 
wrote:  "It  does  not  do  to  have  all  our  work  suc- 
ceed; we  get  to  be  too  large;  our  plans  must  fail 
that  God's  may  be  carried  out." 


XIX. 

A  DANGER  AVERTED. 

A  much  greater  danger  threatened  all  the  churches 
of  that  region  in  the  year  immediately  succeeding, 
which  Dr.  Pratt  did  more  than  any  other  man  to 
stem  and,  in  the  end,  completely  to  avert.  The 
missionary  who  occupied  the  Station  of  Oorfa  from 
1859  on,  had  developed  certain  pronounced  views  on 
the  fundamental  doctrine  of  the  atonement,  which, 
if  not  positive  errors,  as  held  in  his  own  mind,  were 
in  apparent  opi)osition  to  the  doctrine  as  held  by  the 
Board  and  its  other  missionaries  in  Turkey;  and, 
as  time  passed,  as  was  not  unnatural,  a  party  was 


m 


AK  INTENSE  LIFE. 


formed  that  laid  great  stress  on  these  peculiar  ex- 
pressions of  doctrine.  The  missionary  himself  also 
made  it  a  matter  of  conscience  to  defend  the  posi- 
\  ions  he  had  taken.  The  greatest  peril  of  all  lay  in 
the  unquestioned  fact  that  this  missionary  was  a 
man  of  great  earnestness  and  signal  success  in  his 
work.  Extensive  and  prolonged  revivals  had  taken 
place  under  his  ministry.  All  this  was  calculated 
to  give  prominence,  almost  to  glorify  the  new  form 
of  presentation  of  doctrine,  and  the  personality  of 
the  leader.  His  warmest  partisans  claimed  the  re- 
sults of  his  work  as  the  legitimate  fruits  of  his  pe- 
culiar views,  and  to  oppose  a  loved  and  successful 
missionary  brother,  and  yet  not  harm  the  work  and 
the  Church  of  Christ  was  no  easy  task.  Dr.  Pratt 
took  prominent  part  in  this  controversy,  supported, 
happily,  by  such  men  as  Dr.  Schneider,  Mr.  Morgan 
and  Mr.  Powers;  he  formulated  clear,  scriptural, 
unpolemical  statements  of  doctrine;  he  was  charit- 
able and  patient;  he  urged  to  unity  and  forbearance; 
he  was  conciliatory  in  all  minor  matters;  he  left  his 
own  personality  out  of  the  controversy;  he  admirably 
illustrated  the  "fortiter  in  re,"  united  with  the  "sua- 
viter  in  modo.''  With  such  a  winning  example, 
coupled  with  firmness  in  what  was  essential,  others 
were  persuaded,  and  by  1868  the  danger  had  passed, 
the  harmony  of  the  churches  was  preserved  and 
sound  doctrine  universally  accepted. 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,  M.B. 


51 


XX. 

ZEITOON. 

Two  more  extracts  from  letters  of  Dr.  Pratt's 
from  Marash  should  find  place  here.  The  first  is 
of  date  July  28,  1864: 

"  You  know  that  it  has  been,  for  years,  impossible 
for  any  Protestant,  much  less  for  a  preacher  of  the 
Gospel,  to  visit  Zeitoon  (the  mountain  stronghold  of 
Armenian  robbers,  who  long  successfully  defied  the 
government,  and  we  have  longed  for  an  opening 
by  which  we  might  visit  it.  Last  year,  one  of  Dr. 
Goodale's  medical  students  went,  and  one  of  our 
helpers ;  but  after  a  few  days  a  mob  took  them  from 
their  beds  and  drove  them  out.  This,  however,  was 
progress  from  former  times,  and  prepared  the  way 
for  our  visit.  Last  month  one  of  the  principal  men 
of  the  place,  being  sick,  sent  to  his  partner  here, 
who  is  a  deacon  of  our  Church,  begging  that  I  would 
go  and  see  him.  My  family  was  not  in  good  condi- 
tion to  be  left,  but  such  an  opportunity  was  not  to 
be  missed;  so  with  two  Zeitoonites  and  the  medical 
student  mentioned,  I  started  a  little  before  noon. 
The  road  is  very  rough,  and  we  took  two  long  rests; 
this  brought  us  to  Zeitoon  late,  and  over  a  road  so 
bad  that  the  guide  said,  in  one  place,  I  had  better 
not  dismount.  The  horse  was  used  to  the  road  and 
would  pass  it  more  safely  than  I  could.  I  thought 
so  too,  as,  in  the  moonlight  I  looked  down  the  slip- 


52  AJS  INTENSE   LIFE. 

pery  steep.  We  reached  the  house  about  midnight. 
On  the  way,  our  guide  had  pointed  out  the  places 
where,  in  the  summer  of  18G2,  the  battles  were 
fought  between  the  Turks  and  the  Zeitoouites;  and 
the  morning  after  our  arrival  our  host  showed  us 
from  the  roof  of  the  house,  the  position  of  the  I*asha, 
his  cannon  and  the  various  troops.  A  great  change 
has  come  over  Zeitoon.  This  is  manifest  not  only  in 
the  fact  that  we  could  go  there  so  freely,  and  walk 
the  streets  unmolested,  or  sit  in  the  market  and  talk 
as  we  did,  no  one  hindering;  but  also  in  the  fact 
that,  for  a  year  past,  there  have  been  no  local  quar- 
rels. The  people  themselves  say,  ^  we  are  not  as  we 
were.'  Every  man  and  boy  had  his  pistols  at  his 
belt ;  and  often,  over  trivial  matters,  blood  was  shed, 
as  a  few  years  ago  over  a  matter  of  four  piasters. 
Now,  for  a  year,  no  such  thing  has  occurred,  and  some 
there  seem  to  desire  this  state  of  things.  There  has 
been,  for  some  months,  a  new  society  of  '  The  En- 
lightened' among  them,  who  meet  every  Sabbath, 
and  have  an  exhortation  from  the  Scriptures  from 
one  of  their  number;  they  are  opposed  to  wine- 
drinking,  and  breaking  the  Sabbath.  We  visited 
at  one  house,  the  entire  membership  of  which  are 
evangelical,  if  not  Protestant.  In  the  house  of  our 
host  we  had  morning  and  evening  prayers,  attended 
by  several  from  outside." 
The  other  extract  is  from  a  letter  of  Jan.  12,  1867. 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  53 

XXL 

THE  REVIVAL  OF  1866-7  AT  MARASH. 

"I  take  advantage  of  this  letter,  though  driven 
with  work  beyond  my  strength  just  at  this  time,  to 
tell  you  of  the  good  hand  of  the  Lord  with  us  in 
these  few  months  past.  The  spring  and  summer 
were  made  memorable  by  the  death,  often  sudden 
and  unexpected,  of  many  young  and  prominent  mem- 
bers of  our  community  and  Church.  We  saw  no  out- 
ward signs  of  the  Spirit's  blessed  work,  but  now,  as 
for  more  than  a  month,  the  examinations  for  admis- 
sion to  the  Church  have  been  going  on,  new  evi- 
dences of  a  deep  work  have  been  daily  afforded  us, 
and  we  are  constrained  to  lift  up  our  voices  of 
thanksgiving,  while  bowed  in  the  dust  for  our  own 
faithlessness  and  coldness.  Our  prayer  meetings 
have  been  gradually  increasing  in  numbers  and  in- 
terest, and  this  week  of  prayer  has  been  a  very  jubi- 
lee. Both  churches  have  been  opened  an  hour  be- 
fore sundown,  each  day,  and  in  each  a  gathering  of 
two  hundred  and  fifty  or  more  has  attested  the  inter- 
est of  the  people,  while  the  offering  of  ten  or  fifteen 
pray  el's,  two  or  three  rising  at  once,  and  the  pastor's 
vain  endeavor  to  close  the  services,  in  less  than  an 
hour  and  a  quarter  or  an  hour  and  a  half,  show  that 
the  coming  was  not  a  mere  form,  and  made  us  sensi- 
ble of  the  presence  and  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 


54  AK  INTENSE  LIFE. 

But  it  is  to  the  examinations  that  I  wish  especially 
V)  refer.  In  the  First  Church  there  were  fifty -two 
candidates  and  twenty-nine  were  received.  This  is 
a  very  unusual  number  to  receive;  i.  e.,  twenty-nine 
out  of  fifty-two;  and  the  character  of  the  examina- 
tions was  more  remarkable  than  the  number  re- 
ceived, as  attesting",  with  startling  vividness,  the 
power  of  the  Spirit  to  change  the  heart  and  life.  In 
the  Second  Church  they  have  examined  about  forty, 
and  received  twenty -one  or  two  new  members.  Some 
of  the  cases  I  know  to  be  of  great  interest." 


XXII. 

THE     YEARS     OF     CHOLERA. 
1.      IN    1865. 

AVhile  still  residing  at  Marash,  in  the  summer  of 
18G5,  Dr.  Pratt  went  to  Constantinople  for  a  season 
of  rest,  "leaving  Mrs.  Pratt,"  as  he  said,  "to  do  my 
work  for  me  in  caring  for  the  poor  and  the  sick." 
It  was  the  year  of  the  great  visitation  of  cholera  at 
the  capital.  Our  brother  gave  much  time  to  visiting 
the  sick,  and  still  more,  in  giving  to  others  stronger 
in  health  than  he  then  was,  specific  directions 
how  to  treat  cases.  There  is  no  doubt  that  he  was 
the  direct  means  of  saving  very  many  lives,  for  the 


REV.  A.  T.  PRATT,  M.D.  55 

disease,  that  year,  though  rapid  and  yiolent,  and 
though  its  victims  Avere  numbered  by  tens  of  thous- 
ands, yet  yielded  to  a  remarkable  degree,  to  prompt 
remedies,  faithfully  used.  It  needed  the  backing  of 
a  competent  and  cool-headed  physician  to  give  us  the 
courage  to  apply,  without  hesitation,  the  heroic  rem- 
edies sometimes  successfully  resorted  to.  He  was  a 
guest  at  a  Missionary  Home  on  the  Bosphorus.  Mr. 
came  home  one  day  from  the  missionary  head- 
quarters with  heavy  tidings. 

2.      A   SUDDEN   BLOW. 

Eev.  Homer  Morgan,  at  this  time  Dr.  Pratt's  most 
trusted  and  experienced  associate,  had  died  of  fever 
at  Smyrna,  while  on  his  way  to  the  United  States, 
as  suddenly  as  Mr.  Goss  had  died  less  than  a  year 
before.  Dr.  Pratt  took  in  the  full  significance  of 
the  terrible  news  in  an  instant.  It  meant  a  great 
loss  to  the  mission.  It  meant  loading  shoulders  al- 
ready sadly  bending  under  their  burden  with  a 
double  load.  He  knew  it  would  crush  him.  He 
reeled  under  the  blow  the  news  gave  him;  he  sank 

down;  he  almost  gasped:  "Oh!  brother ,  pray." 

After  that  prayer  he  prayed,  and  how  he  prayed! 
The  recollection  of  that  hour  is  very  vivid  in  the 
memory  of  his  companion. 

It  probably  saved  him  from  a  final  breakdown 
then  that  he  was  obliged  to  make  a  brief  visit  to 


56  AK  INTENSE   LIFE. 

the  United  States  to  accompany  the  bereaved  family 
to  the  home  land. 

3.      IN  1871— DEATH  OF  LITTLE  ANDREW. 

The  visitation  of  cholera  at  Constantinople,  in 
1871,  was  very  different  from  that  of  1865  in  respect 
to  yielding  to  remedies,  although  its  ravages  were 
not  so  great.  Dr.  Pratt  was  then  residing  in  a  very 
healthful  location  on  the  height  of  Eoumeli  His- 
sar,  on  the  Bosphorus,  a  village  which  wholly  es- 
caped the  scourage  in  1865.  First,  a  Scotch  servant, 
a  Christian  girl,  in  the  family  of  Dr.  Pratt,  and  then 
his  little  son  Andrew  fell  victims  to  the  disease. 

In  the  case  of  the  child  especially,  the  disease 
not  only  defied  all  remedies,  but  was  so  rapid 
that  his  nearest  missionary  associate,  informed  in 
the  early  morning  that  little  Andrew  had  been  taken 
with  cholera  about  midnight,  had  barely  time  to 
hasten  to  the  bedside  of  the  sufferer  soon  enough  to 
to  watch  with  the  stricken  parents  the  last  half  hour 
of  life.  When  the  last  breath  was  drawn,  the  father 
put  his  hand  upon  the  child,  and  said:  "He  is  gone," 
and  turning  to  the  agonized  mother,  said:  "Oh! 
Mother,  I've  no  doubt  he,  at  this  moment,  is  just  as 
happy  as  he  can  be."  How  swift  the  rising  from 
what  the  eye  of  sense  could  see  to  the  clear  vision 
of  the  heavenly  rapture.  Not  even  the  father  himself 
could  go  to  the  child's  burial,  which  was,  of  course, 


REV.    A.    T.   PRATT,   M.D.,  57 

hastened  to  avoid  infection,  and  was  attended  only 
by  a  missionary  associate  and  two  native  assistants. 
How  often  that  fine-strung  sonl  was  called  to  bear 
the  loss  of  children.  Six  several  times,  the  trial 
came,  and  one  more  child  has  followed  him.  How 
happy  the  group  already  gathered  in  the  Father's 
House.  The  chronological  order  of  events  has  here 
been  intentionally  disregarded;  and  we  return  to 
speak  of  the  last  unfinished  chapter  of  the  life  and 
work  of  our  beloved  brother,  viz.,  his  work  as  a 


xxin. 

TRANSLATOR  OF  THE  BIBLE. 

In  1867  it  became  the  general  sentiment  in  the 
Central  Turkey  Mission,  where  the  popular  version 
of  the  Bible  in  Turkish  was  most  widely  used,  as  well 
as  among  the  Churches,  that  the  version  must  be  re- 
vised to  meet  the  change  in  language — or  rather  the 
people's  use  of  it — ^then  rapidly  taking  place.  Dr. 
Pratt  was  plainly  the  one  man  for  the  work.  It 
was  evident  that  he  could  not  long  hold  out  under 
the  strain  that  came  upon  him  in  the  mission  where 
his  work  had  been  hitherto  done.  Such  a  revision 
could  be  best  undertaken  at  the  Capital,  the  great 
centre  not  only  of  political  and  politico-ecclesias- 
tical, but  also  of  literary  influence  in  Turkey,  where 


58  AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 

the  work  of  the  Press  of  all  the  Turkey  Missions  is 
done — the  city  of  unrivalled  beauty  of  site,  a  city  so 
crowded  with  historic  monuments  that  it  is  a  mar- 
vel that  many  educated  travelers  come  to  South- 
eastern Europe  and  yet  turn  westward  without  set- 
ting foot  in  the  city  founded  by  Constantino,  the 
home  of  Justinian  and  Belisarius,  the  city  of  Ecu- 
menical Councils,  of  revolutions  in  government,  the 
city  of  Christian  and  of  Moslem  glory,  of  Saint  So- 
phia and  of  the  Mosque  of  Solomon,  the  magnificent 
— the  city  of  Chrysostom.  But  the  pen  must  be 
stayed.  It  is  no  part  of  our  present  duty  to  describe 
Constantinople,  the  Golden  Horn — the  Bosphorus, 
on  whose  European  bank  Dr.  Pratt  lived  the  last 
four  and  a  half  years  of  his  life,  to  recall  the  life  of 
Chrysostom  and  the  Gregories,  the  Latin  or  Moslem 
conquest,  or  to  give  glimpses  of  the  seething  human 
life  of  that  scattered  metropolis  of  the  East,  with  its 
million  people,  composed,  as  the  Turks  say,  of  "the 
seventy-two  and  a  half  nations  of  the  world." 

WIDE  REACH   OF   THE  PLAN. 

From  the  hour  of  decision  to  go  to  Constantinople 
for  the  work  of  Bible  revision,  Dr.  Pratt  had  ideas 
more  far-reaching  than  those  which  were  the  osten- 
sible object  of  undertaking  the  revision.  As  a  physi- 
cian, he  had  been  thrown  much  among  Turks  of  all 
classes,  and  he  knew  that  while  in  former  years, 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,  M.D.  59 

Turks  used  a  purer  and  perhaps  higher  style  of  lan- 
guage than  the  Turkish  speaking  Christian  races, 
yet  education  was  now  making  much  more  rapid  pro- 
gress among  the  Christians,  especially  the  Prot- 
estant Christians,  of  the  Aleppo  Province,  than 
among  the  Turks.  Moreover,  if  Turks  had  the  ad- 
vantage over  their  Christian  neighbors  purely  in 
the  matter  of  language,  still  Biblical  thought  is  fa- 
miliar to  the  Christian  and  foreign  to  the  Turk. 
Therefore  once  granted  the  necessity  for  a  pure  and 
correct  Turkish  style  for  the  growing  demands  of 
Turkish  speaking  Christians,  and  there  could  be  no 
reason  why  the  same  style  should  not  meet  the 
wants  of  Mohammedans  also.  And  if  there  were  no 
valid  reasons  against  the  unification  of  the  versions, 
tliere  certainly  existed  the  most  cogent  reasons  for 
it.  One  of  the  standing  objections  urged  by  Mos- 
lems against  Christians,  especially  Protestant  Chris- 
tians, is  that  we  deal  in  the  freest  manner  with  the 
text  of  our  Sacred  Book,  and  they  know  not  what 
our  Bible  is.  This  fact  renders  it  our  most  solemn 
duty  to  make  one  and  but  one  version,  and  that, 
as  far  as  possible,  a  perfect  version  for  all  who  speak 
and  read  Turkish.  When  we  have  one  version,  in 
whatever  characters  printed,  in  clear,  pure  Turkish 
that  all  can  understand,  and  that  the  most  sober 
Turkish  scholarship  will  approve  and  endorse,  we 
have  gained  immensely  in  the  massing  of  all  our 


60  AK  INTENSE  LIFE. 

Christian  forces  for  the  conquest  of  all  races  for 
Christ;  we  have  opened  the  door  of  salvation  more 
invitingly  to  the  Moslem  races,  and  greater  is  the 
multitude  who  welcome  Moslem  inquirers  to  the  Liv- 
ing Fountains  in  the  identical  words  of  a  common 
Bible.  There  are  twenty  million  souls  whose  ver- 
nacular is  tlie  Turkish.  No  difficulties,  no  personal 
preferences,  or  interests  or  judgments,  nothing  must 
stand  in  the  way  of  the  accomplishment  of  a  plan 
so  beneficial,  if  its  accomplishment  can  be  brought 
within  the  sphere  of  what  is  practical. 

A   LIVING    GERM. 

Such  was  Dr.  Pratt's  thought.  Would  others 
share  it?  Would  the  demands  of  Constantinople 
Turkish  style  justify  his  idea?  Had  others  similar 
ideas?  Dr.  Pratt  brought  to  Constantinople,  in 
March,  1868,  a  Turkish  grammar  which  he  had  pre- 
pared on  the  basis  of  the  well-known  grammar  of 
Fuad  Pasha,  and  which  was  still  in  manuscript — 
it  was  printed  and  put  into  circulation  the  same 
year.  He  read  over  the  whole  of  this  grammar  to  one 
of  the  Turkish  speaking  Missionaries  in  Constanti- 
nople, thus  comparing  notes,  in  detail,  in  regard  to 
the  sort  of  Turkish  required  for  the  Mohammedan 
and  the  Christian  races.  His  idea  received  ready 
endorsement,  and  that  unexpectedly  strong  and  em- 
phatic.   And  although  the  idea  was  not  formally 


REV.  A.   T.  PRATT,  M.D.  61 

adopted  by  the  Mission  and  the  Bible  Societies 
while  I>r.  Pratt  lived,  yet  from  the  hour  when  the 
reading  of  that  manuscript  grammar  was  finished, 
that  idea  was  a  living  germ,  bound  to  grow  and  ex- 
pand. Its  fruit  is  now  filling  the  land.  While  Dr. 
Pratt  lived,  he  was,  ostensibly,  revising  what  was 
known  as  the  Goodell  version  of  the  Bible  in  Turk- 
ish, in  the  Armenian  character.  He  always  had  a 
singular  fondness  for  the  Armenian  character  to 
write  Turkish  in,  inexplicable  except  on  the  ground 
that  coming  when  he  did  to  Aintab,  he  first  learned 
and  used  that  character.  It  grew  to  him  and  he 
grew  up  in  it.  Of  course  he  read  the  Osmanly  char- 
acter freely,  but  he  always  wrote  Turkish  in  the 
Armenian  character,  and  preferred  to  read  it  in  that 
character  also. 

In  his  work  of  revision  he  was  assisted  constantly 
by  Eev.  Avedis  Constantian,  formerly  pastor  of  one 
of  the  churches  at  Marash,  later  a  member  of  the 
Committee  for  revising  the  Scriptures  in  Turkish, 
and  at  present  member  of  the  Publication  Commit- 
tee, and  also  of  the  General  Press  Committee  at  Con- 
stantinople. He  had  the  advice  of  Osmanly  critics, 
one  of  them  being  of  very  high  rank  and  fame.  He 
was  assisted  also  by  the  veteran  translator  and  ori- 
ental scholar,  Kev.  Elias  Biggs  D.D.,  LL.D.,  with 
special  references  to  the  original  languages  of 
the  Bible,  and  to  secure  uniformity,  in  sense,  of  the 


62  AN    INTENSE   LIFE. 

new  version,  with  other  versions  of  the  Bible,  espe- 
cially in  Armenian  and  Balgarian,  used  alongside 
of  the  Turkish  version  in  the  Ottoman  Empire.  He 
Avas  also  assisted,  for  a  part  of  the  time,  by  Mr. 
lie; rick,  now  of  Marsovan.  Before  Dr.  Pratt's  death 
he  had  i>ublished  his  revision  of  the  New  Testament 
in  Armenian  characters  (it  actually  issued  from  the 
press  after  his  death),  and  had  made  much  progress 
in  the  revision  of  the  Old  Testament.  His  work 
was  of  the  greatest  value  to  those  who  came  after 
him.  The  style  adopted  by  the  Committee  to  whose 
hands  the  whole  work  was  subsequently  intrusted, 
is  much  nearer  that  of  JDr.  Pratt,  than  to  that  of  any 
previous  version. 

Miss  West  reports  the  following  incident  as  illus- 
trating his  spirit  in  translating  the  Bible,  and  as  a 
commentary  on  the  verse — "  If  any  man  lack  wisdom 
let  him  ask  of  God.'  "  I  was  an  unnoticed  listener  in 
a  corner;  Dr.  Pratt  and  his  assistant  had  met  with  a 
sentence  which  baffled  them;  finally  he  said,  '  Let  us 
ask  God  about  it;  and  both  knelt  for  a  moment  in 
prayer  to  Him  who  understands  all  languages,  then 
rose  and  solved  the  difficulty, 

Tlie  personal  attachment  between  Dr.  Pratt  and 
his  associate,  Rev,  Mr.  Constantina,  were  very  close, 
fraternal  and  lasting, 


REV.  A.   T.  PRATT,  M.D.  03 

XXIV. 

AS  LYRIC  POET. 

Perhaps  there  is  no  sort  of  pure  and  precious  in- 
fluence started  by  our  beloved  brother  more  benefi- 
cial and  perennial  than  that  which  comes  from  the 
hymns  he  translated  or  composed  in  the  Turkish  lan- 
guage. 

Says  Dr.  Schneider:  ^^He  was  fond  of  music  and 
had  not  a  little  of  poetic  taste.  This  qualified  him  to 
be  an  excellent  hymnologist,  and  he  wrote  some  orig- 
inal hymns  and  translated  more  from  the  English. 
Many  of  the  best  hymns  in  the  Turkish  Hymn  book 
are  from  his  pen;  and  when  a  hymn  became  neces- 
sary for  some  special  occasion,  he  w^as  expected  to 
furnish  it.  While  he  is  quietly  sleeping  in  the  dust, 
how  many  will  be  cheered  and  quickened,  generation 
after  generation,  by  the  strains  of  his  sweet  hymns." 
It  is  no  disparagement  to  those  who  labored  before 
or  contemporaneously  with  him  to  say,  and  the  best 
living  writers  of  hymns  in  the  language  would 
gladly  endorse  what  is  here  said,  that  the  high  water 
mark  of  Turkish  hymn- writing  was  touched  by  Dr. 
Pratt  in  two  or  three  of  his  best  hymns.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  in  every  quality  of  a  perfect  Christian 
lyric,  not  in  the  form  of  adoration,  few  hymns  can 
be  found  in  any  language  superior  to  the  two  hymns, 
quite  different  the  one  from  the  other,  entitled,  "My 


64  AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 

Savior  Kuows,'-  and  ^'A  Momentous  Question." 
Tliese  hymns  are  sung  by  tens  of  tliousands,  and 
will  be  sung  in  the  coming  years,  and  no  congrega- 
tion ever  sings  either  of  them  without  being  deeply 
moved.  And  no  wonder.  Each  was  produced  in 
hours  of  intensest  feeling,  when  a  mind  of  singularly 
delicate  mould  was  most  fitly  attuned;  when  a  soul, 
etherial  and  aspiring,  was  passing'  through  the  fur- 
nace of  affliction,  heated  to  a  white  heat,  but  holding 
on  to  the  hand  of  Him  who  walked  also  in  the  midst 
of  the  fire.  The  hymns  cannot  even  be  read  without 
emotion.  The  first  is  expressive  of  the  sweetest  and 
most  perfect  trust,  and  the  other,  in  minor  strain, 
is  startling  in  its  unveiling  of  the  emptiness  of  this 
earthly  existence,  and  the  infinite  gravity  of  the 
issues  of  life.  The  language  of  both  is  a  wonderful 
triumph  of  the  most  idiomatic  acquaintance  with 
the  resources  of  a  noble  language,  coupled  with  a 
rare  skill  in  making  the  words  just  express  the  finest 
Christian  thought  and  feeling.  If  in  any  sense 
translations  they  were  so  completely  "fused  in  the 
crucible  of  the  writer's  mind,  spun  out  of  the  very 
bowels  of  his  chastened  experience,"  that  they  were, 
in  every  best  sense,  his  composition.  How  the  soul 
of  the  author  exults  and  triumphs,  or  warns  and 
beckons  still,  in  these  living  gems  of  lyric  poetry. 
The  only  hjonn-writer  in  Turkish  who  has  touched 
tlie  same  chords  with  similar  mastery  of  thought 


HEV.  A.   T.  PRATT,  M.D.,  65' 

and  feeling  and  language,  is  one — not  a  missionary 
who  was  for  years,  in  the  most  intimate  associa- 
tion with  Dr.  l*ratt.*  Some  one  has  applied  this  as 
a  test  of  an  immortal  hymn,  "It  had  to  be  written." 
'Dr.  Pratt's  best  hymns  will  all  bear  this  test. 

Some  of  his  translations  also,  as,  for  example, 
that  of  the  hymn  "Just  as  I  Am,"  are  wonderful  as 
expressing,  without  loss,  the  full  and  perfect  soul 
of  the  original  hymn,  no  hint  appearing  of  transla- 
tion from  an  Occidental  language. 

These  hymns  do  not  appear  with  the  author's 
name,  and  few  of  the  evangelical  people  of  Turkey 
are  aware  how  much  their  hymnology  has  been  en- 
riched, for  all  time,  by  the  rare  jewels  our  brother 
added  to  it. 


*During  the  years  1873  to  1878,  the  writer  had  the  rare  privi- 
lege of  intiniaie  acquaintance  witii  one  of  tlie  most  learned  Unrisc- 
iau  gentleman  lie  ever  knew,  an  intimacy  fostered  by  working 
together  over  Bible  translation,— an  Arab  Koord,  Keifee  Elendi  by 
name.  In  a  strange  sort  of  university  he  acquired  tliat  rare 
knowledge  of  tlie  Arabic  language,  of  the  Koran,  of  Mohammedan 
tradition,  philusophy,  law  and  science,  which  made  Ms  help  in 
tlie  translation  of  the  Bible  into  Turkish  invaluable. 

There  is  a  custom  among  those  Koordish  tribes  of  the  region 
of  Mosul,  of  resorting,  from  different  tribes,  far  and  near,  to  the 
feet  of  some  recognized  Gamaliel,  some  Plato,  near  whom  the 
pupils  live,  sloop,  study  and  receive  instruction,  through  a  course 
of  several  vears.  Their  suite  of  rooms  is  the  open  air,  their  labo- 
ratory the  mountain  stream,  their  books,  in  parchment,  the  heir- 
looms of  the  learned  of  their  tribe,  the  entire  impedimenta  of 
eacli,  one  loner  shirt,  their  food  the  coarse  bread,  with  an  occa- 
sional cucumber,  in  its  season,  given  by  the  people,  as  their  en- 
dowment of  the  university  !  Keifee  left  his  studies  in  the  mount- 
ains to  be  a  teacher  in  the  city  of  Mosul;  he  had  found  the  cover 
of  a  Bible  in  the  mountains,  the  book  was  destroyed  by  an  Imam 
—sought  and  found  the  Bible  itself,  at  Mosul,  was  instructed  in  it 
by  the  Mosul  deacon  Meechah,  as  the  Eneuch  was  by  Philip,  or 
Apollo  by  Aquila.     He  asked  me,  later  on,  more  and  more  clear 


^6  Aj^  INTENSE  LIFE. 

XXV 

AS  PREACHER. 

As  a  preacher,  Dr.  Pratt  was  unmistakably  clear, 
instructive,  sympathetic  and  impressive  rather  than 
eloquent  and  profound.  He  labored  to  teach  Christ- 
ian truth,  and  make  needful  practical  impressions, 
and  in  this  he  always  succeeded.  It  is  doubtful  if 
he  ever  preached  "a  great  sermon;"  it  is  certain  he 
never  preached  a  poor  one.  He  simply  preached  the 
Gospel,  with  directness,  and,  as  attested  by  results, 
with  power.  Some  remember  occasions,  one  in  par- 
ticular, at  Aintab,  when,  in  times  of  crises  in  the 
Church  and  community,  he  held  and  moved  the  au- 
dience of  twelve  hundred  souls  with  that  power  of 
irresistible  persuasion  which  is  the  very  soul  of  sa- 
cred oratory.  His  downright  and  unmistakable  earn- 
estness and  sincerity  of  conviction  was  all  the  se- 
cret there  was  about  it.  He  preached  much,  on  Sun- 
days and  other  days,  in  cities  and  towns  and  vil- 
lages, to  great  congregations  and  to  single  house- 
holds. He  wrote  his  sermons  in  full  in  the  first 
years,  but  subsequently  spoke  with  greatly  in- 
creased freedom  from  a  few  notes,  written  either 
in  English  or  Turkish. 


cut  questions,— the  questions  of  a  docile  mind,— concerning  tlie 
Gospel  narrative,  tlian  I  was  ever  asked  by  any  other  person.  He 
grew  in  Christian  Imowledgo  and  Chinstian  character,  as  we 
worfeed  together  over  the  Divine  word.  He  died  within  a  year 
after  the  Bible  work  was  finished.  The  memory  of  our  fellowship 
is  sweet :  it  is  broken  but  for  a  little  while." 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  67 

He  once  ventured  on  what  I  am  not  aware  that 
any  other  missionary  ever  did;  he  exchanged  with 
an  Armenian  Bishop.  He  says  the  Bishop  preached 
an  evangelical  sermon  for  him,  and  there  is  no  doubt 
he  preached  a  sermon  filled  with  the  very  marrow 
of  the  Gospel  to  the  Bishop's  great  congregation. 
He  was  at  once  liberal,  and  in  tlie  highest  degree 
and  in  the  exactest  sense  evangelical. 

A  well-known  and  highly  esteemed  native  pastor 
and  teacher,  who  knew  our  brother  all  his  life,  thus 
speaks:  "In  our  mission  Dr.  Pratt  gained  high  dis- 
tinction both  as  a  physician  and  as  a  missionary,  so 
that  any  record  of  his  life  would  be  very  welcome 
in  the  regions  of  Aintab  and  Marash.  He  was  a 
generous,  noble,  kind  man,  beloved  of  all.  His  leav- 
ing Marash  was  a  great  loss  to  us.  His  memory 
among  us  is  still  sweet  and  cherished.  He  had  great 
influence  with  the  Government  and  with  other  na- 
tionalities than  our  own.  He  preached  with  earn- 
estness, with  love  and  sometimes  with  tears.  I  owe 
being  myself  led  to  repentance,  to  two  sermons  of 
his,  preached  on  two  successive  Sundays,  more  than 
twenty  years  ago.  The  texts  I  well  remember.  I 
think  many  others  were  led  to  repentance  by  the 
same  sermons.  The  texts  were:  'I  perceive  that 
thou  art  in  the  gall  of  bitterness  and  in  the  bonds  of 
iniquity,'  and  'One  thing  thou  lackest.' " 

Before  his  removal  to  Marash  to  reside,  he  spent 


08  AI^   INTENSE  LIFE. 

a  winter  there,  and,  according  to  the  testimony  of 
the  best  known  of  the  Marash  pastors,  from  whose 
letter  the  above  extract  is  taken,  his  preaching  was 
the  central  visible  power  of  a  work  of  grace,  one 
result  of  which  w^as  the  gathering  of  between  fifty 
and  sixty  into  the  church. 


XXVI 
INCIDENTS. 

1.— SCENE  BY  THE  GRAVE  OF  MR.  GOSS. 

His  weight  of  influence  over  men,  and  his  tact — 
his  daring  even  in  seizing  opportunities  is  well 
shown  in  the  following  incident,  reported  by  Eev. 
Avedis  Constantian:  "In  18G4  there  was  at  Marash 
a  quarrel  among  some  of  the  brethren,  the  parties  to 
which  the  lamented  Mr.  Goss  had  labored  hard  to 
reconcile.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  this  effort  had 
not  reached  success.  While  the  great  crowd  was 
weeping  around  the  open  grave,  showing  much  love 
to  Mr.  Goss  and  grief  over  his  early  death.  Dr.  Pratt 
suddenly  turned  to  the  people  and  said :  '  If  you  love 
Mr.  Goss  render  fruitful  his  labors  in  your  behalf; 
he  tried  very  hard  to  reconcile  you,  but  he  is  re- 
moved from  among  you  before  reaching  the  goal  of 
success.  Now  come,  be  reconciled  to  one  another 
around  his  grave;  let  his  death  be  the  means  of  a 


REV.  A.  T.  PRATT,  M.D.  6& 

great  blessing  to  you/  It  was  done.  All  pride  and 
obstinacy  melted;  the  quarrel  was  buried  with 
what  was  mortal  of  their  beloved  3^oung  mission- 
ary in  one  grav  e,  and  the  alienated  ones  returned  to- 
gether loving  as  brethren.'' 

2-ANOTHER  INCIDENT 

Reported  by  one  of  the  preachers  of  the  Cilicia  Union 
will  suMciently  explain  itself: 

"In  September,  1866,  when  I  was  thirteen  years 
old,  I  was  bitten  in  my  right  foot  by  a  snake.  My 
father's  family  were  then  Gregorian  Armenians, 
and,  according  to  an  old  custom,  I  was  taken  to  a 
Turkish  sorcerer  to  be  cured.  This  man,  after  read- 
ing a  little,  in  a  very  low  voice,  muttering  with  his 
lips,  blew  into  my  mouth,  and  into  the  wound  made 
by  the  snake.  After  he  had  kept  this  up  for  seven 
days,  he  found  he  could  not  cure  my  foot  and  left 
me  to  nature.  I  remained  in  that  state  for  four 
months,  till  my  foot  and  leg,  below  the  knee,  were 
wasted  and  decayed.  When  I  was  in  that  condi- 
tion some  Protestant  neighbors  brought  Dr.  Pratt 
to  our  house  to  see  me.  On  the  18th  of  Janurary, 
1867,  he  cut  off  the  limb  eight  inches  below  the 
knee.  To  the  question:  'How  many  piasters,  sir, 
do  you  wish  as  your  fee,^  he  replied,  'If  you  will  go 
to  school  and  receive  an  education,  I  shall  have 
received  my  fee.'    Yes,  besides  not  accepting  any 


70  AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 

fee,  he  placed  me,  of  course  witli  mj  own  consent, 
iu  the  Protestant  school,  and  defrayed  the  expense 
of  my  books  and  tuition  from  his  own  purse.  I  was 
received  into  the  Marash  Theological  Seminary  the 
year  Dr.  Pratt  died,  and  finished  my  studies  there 
in  1878,  and  ever  since  I  have,  hy  the  divine  favor, 
been  preaching  the  Gospel  of  Christ,  and  desire  to 
continue  this  service  till  death.  Yes!  a  poisonous 
serpent  was  the  i)reacher  which  was  the  occasion 
of  my  own  conversion,  and  of  leading  all  my  family 
to  Christ.  I  am  very  happy  in  the  blessed  service  in 
which  I  am  employed,  and  I  often  mention  in  my 
preaching,  this  incident  which  w^as  the  turning 
point  of  my  own  life.  I  have  been  greatly  impressed 
by  such  texts  as  Matt.  IG:  2G,  18:8,  9;  John  9:3; 
Romans  8 :  28.  I  shall  never  cease  to  recall  the  fact 
that  it  was  Dr.  Pratt's  gentleness  and  generosity  and 
unpretentious  kindness  that  saved  my  body  from 
death,  and  attracted  me  to  Christ." 


xxvn 

AS  TEACHER. 

It  is  difficult  to  say  what  Dr.  Pratt  was,  rather 
what  he  would  have  been,  as  a  teacher.  His  other 
duties  were  too  many, — ^liis  health,  in  all  those  later 
years  too  broken,  to  allow  him  to  do  himself  any 


BEV.  A.  T.  PRATT,  M.B.  71 

sort  of  justice  as  a  theological  instructor.  That 
he  had  it  in  him  to  be  a  teacher  of  the  highest  order, 
no  one  who  knew  him  well  could  ever  doubt.  That 
he  was  a  successful  teacher,  accurate,  incisive,  in- 
spiring, in  Medicine,  in  Theology,  in  Science,  in  Lan- 
guage, there  are  those  living  whose  lives  and  work, 
even  more  than  any  spoken  or  written  words  will 
testify.  But  far  beyond  any  direct  work  of  his,  in 
training  either  doctors  or  preachers,  is  the  value  of 
the  lesson  which  his  whole  life  emphasized,  viz.,  the 
practicability  and  the  wisdom  of  a  thorough  educa- 
tion of  competent  and  consecrated  native  talent,  in 
order  that  the  widest  and  the  highest  spheres  of 
usefulness  in  the  work  of  elevating  the  several  na- 
tionalities of  Turkey  may  be,  in  the  case  of  each 
race,  filled  by  the  sons  of  that  race.* 


*It  Is  sometimes  asked,  "  Does  it  pay  to  attempt  to  educate  tlie 

} couth  of  Turkey  ?"  Take  this  simple  statement  of  a  case,  paral- 
eled  in  all  its  essential  features  hundreds  of  times.  A  briglit 
lad  begs  to  be  received  as  a  day  pupil  into  the  preparatory  depart- 
ment of  college.  The  family  is  poor;  the  lad  caariot  pay  tlio 
tuition  fee:  a  friend  assumes  the  responsibility,  and  he  is  received. 
He  steps  rapidly  to  the  head  of  his  class.  Winter  approaches ; 
Joseph  is  always  in  his  place,  his  eyes  as  keen,  his  face  as  smil- 
ing, his  lessons  as  perfect,  all  his  beiiavior  as  blameless  as  ever. 
But  he  looks  pitiably  thin ;  he  still  wears  tlie  same  scanty  sum- 
mer clothing.  A  teacher  learns  that  he  comes  to  the  college  door 
barefoot,  and  then  puts  on  his  slioes ;  poor  protection  against  the 
cold  they  are,  but  all  that  can  be  had  for  a  long  time  to  come. 
It  is  manifestly  time  to  break  over  the  fine  reserve  of  the  wortliy 
poor. 

"  Joseph,  I'm  going  home  with  you  to-day."  He  is  surprised 
and  silent.      "Won't  you  take  me  with  you?" 

He  recovers  his  courtesy,  blushes  and  says :  "  Oh,  yes  sir,  but 
I'm  afraid  our  house  isn't  fit  to  receive  you." 

As  they  walk  along  the  snowy  path  together,  Joseph  confides 
to  his  teacher  his  desire  to  go  through  college  and  the  Theolog- 
ical Seminary  also,  and  be  a  preacher  to  his  people. 


72  AN  INTENSE   LIFE. 

xxvni. 

NEARER  GLIMPSES. 

His  friends  were  many;  his  intimate  friends  were 
few;  but  those  he  "grappled  with  hooks  of  steel." 
He  had  the  rare  facility  of  seeing  and  rejoicing, 
without  reserve,  in  others'  successes,  and  of  show- 
ing that  he  did  so  by  some  kind,  brief  word.  Many 
such  instances  are  recalled,  like  the  sweet  echo  of 
a  "song  in  the  night,"  Once,  on  his  hearing  of  the 
death  of  a  native  brother,  a  preacher  of  the  Gos- 
pel, his  wife  found  him  in  his  study  Aveeping.  "It 
is  worth  a  whole  life's  labor  to  have  been  the  means 
of  saving  one  such  soul,"  he  said.  There  is  a  letter 
before  the  writer,  which  was  written  shortly  before 
his  first  visit  to  America,  in  which  he  pleads  for 
special  pecuniary  help  from  personal  friends,  to  aid 
in  a  pressing  missionary  enterprise;  he  laments  the 
lack  of  a  worthy  interest  in  the  American  Churches 


Look  into  that  house,  a  bare  room,  windows  with  no  glass,  no 
food  or  fuel ;  there  is  a  loom  at  which  a  widowed  sister  works, 
earning  seven  cents  a  day.  On  one  side  sits  the  blind  mother. 
In  a  corner  the  father  is  lying ;  he  went  away  to  earn  something 
for  the  winter,  started  back  with  five  dollars,  was  robbed  on  the 
way,  took  a  violent  cold  and  came  homo  to  die,  before  the  winter 
was  over.  Here  is  a  little  sister,  and  out  on  the  street-corners  is 
an  elder  brother,  a  mere  lad,  earning  five  cents  a  day  at  knife-grind- 
ing. 

"Why,  Joseph,  you'll  have  to  stay  out  of  school  and  try  to 
earn   something,"   the  teacher  said. 

"  My  sister  and  brother  don't  want  me  to,"  he  replied. 

Two  bread  winners  in  a  family  of  six,  one  sick,  another  blind, 
and  their  earhings,  twelve  cents  a  day,  must  meet  the  expense  of 
rent,  fuel,  clothLag,  food,  and  send  one  of  their  number  to  col- 
lege! 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  73 

in  missionary  work,  and  expresses  the  conviction 
that  lives,  even  in  missionary  homes,  have  been 
sacrificed  to  a  too  niggardly  theory  of  expenditure; 
but  the  letter  is  too  full  of  tears,  was  written  in  a 
confidence  of  family  correspondence  too  absolute  to 
allow  being  given  to  the  public.  His  salary,  in  those 
first  years,  was  |550,  and  it  appears,  from  a  private 
letter,  that  he  used  to  give  some  |60  a  year  to  the 
poor  and  to  the  work. 

It  is  not  for  us  to  enter  the  inner  sanctuary  of  his 
domestic  life;  it  is  enough  to  know  that  sweetness 
and  tenderness  ever  blended  with  duty  and  blessed 
his  home.  We  venture  to  make  two  or  three  ex- 
tracts from  his  private  correspondence  with  Dr. 
Farnsworth,  already  referred  to.  He  writes,  Sep- 
tember 16,  1856,  after  the  death  of  their  first  child, 
Nelly: 

"How  my  heart  clung  to  her,  how  bright  her 
smile;  her  laugh,  what  a  joy  it  was!  How  we 
would  play  peek-a-boo  behind  the  door,  till  both 
were  very  children  for  laughter,  I  as  childish  as  she! 
How  she  would  run  and  nestle  in  my  bosom,  and 
then  off  again.  But  all  is  past,  and  only  its  mem- 
ory remains, — and  the  blessed  hopes." 

Again,  April,  1857: 

"We  would  weep  and  pray  together,  and  thank 
God  for  our  angel  children,  your  two  and  our  two. 
I  do  thank  Him.    Nelly  was  the  sunniest  vision 


74 


AN   INTENSE   LIFE. 


which  has  crossed  my  path,  and  your  little  ones 
were,  I  know,  equally  dear.  It  approaches  a  year 
now,  but  that  beautiful  brow,  and  glad,  bright  eye 
and  ringing  laugh  are  here  as  if  I  heard  them  now. 
To  what  height  of  glory  they  have  soared  no  mind 
can  conceive.  Let  us  go,  too,  dear  brother  and  sis- 
ter;— but  not  now;  the  dross  is  not  all  purged  away; 
the  work  of  God  is  not  all  done.  We  will  wait  till 
then,  and  our  angels  will  have  grown,  and  when 
we  enter  the  gate,  will  take  and  bear  us  away  right 
to  the  throne.  Then  we  shall  praise  God  that  they 
have  gone  before." 

There  is  a  short,  sad  letter,  full  of  pathos,  of 
August  5,  1858,  which  reveals  his  struggling  soul, 
holding  on,  with  numb  hands,  in  the  darkness,  to 
the  Eternal  Eoclr,  while  a  new  wave  of  sorrow  rolls 
over  him,  in  the  death  of  his  third  child,  Willie, 
two  days  before.  He  also  reports  other  sorrows 
which  have  come  over  other  missionary  families, 
and  another  he  saw  coming — Mrs.  Beebee  died  No- 
vember, 1858. 

We  gladly  make  room  for  the  following  from  Miss 
West: 

"My  reminiscences  of  our  beloved  friend  and  mis- 
sionary brother.  Dr.  Pratt,  are  all  of  the  most  tender 
and  affectionate  character.  In  his  last  letter,  writ- 
ten when  I  was  seeking  rest  in  the  home  land,  he  in- 
quired after  my  pecuniary  needs,  adding:  ^  We  can 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  75 

always  manage  to  spare  a  fifty  dollars  for  Sister 
Maria.'  Although  never  requiring  this  aid,  I  was 
much  touched  by  this  jiroof  of  his  affectionate  care 
and  thoughtfulness  for  me,  when  over-burdened  him- 
self. And  he  was  so  delicate  and  unostentatious  in 
doing  a  kindness  that  it  was  doubly  ai)preciated ; 
he  delighted  in  others'  happiness,  and  was  ever 
ready  to  bear  another's  burden.  He  was  always 
quiet,  dignified,  self-contained,  and  one  felt  that 
there  was  in  him  a  reserved  force  that  could  be 
drawn  upon  in  time  of  need.  He  was  utterly  devoid 
of  self-seeking,  and  yet  did  not  criticise  others  who 
made  themselves  or  their  exploits  the  theme  of  con- 
versation. He  was  a  born  gentleman;  he  could  not 
stoop  to  do  a  low  or  mean  act;  he  was  the  soul  of 
honor,  and  the  people  trusted  and  loved  him.  They 
felt  that  he  sought  simply  the  glory  of  the  Master 
and  their  good.  He  was  reticent  in  regard  to  speak- 
ing of  his  own  labors  and  the  inner  life  of  his  own 
soul.  He  was  tenderly  devoted  to  his  children,  ^  my 
house  is  full  of  blessings,'  he  said,  and  his  letters 
reveal  the  depth  and  wealth  of  affection  that  com- 
monly lay  concealed.  I  give  two  brief  extracts  from 
his  letters  to  me,  the  first  of  November,  18G9,  and 
the  other  of  eTanuary,  18G8 : 

"^Last  Friday,  in  the  evening,  came  along  a  little 
wee  thing,  and  begged  a  place  in  our  house  and 
hearts,   and  got  it.       Her  human  name  is  Eliza 


76  AN   INTENSE   LIFE. 

Macy  Pratt.  I  don't  know  what  the  angels  call  her. 
She  is  very  pretty  and  good,  and  her  mamma  is 
very  quiet  and  happy.  So  you  have  made  up  your 
mind  to  write  ^a  little  book.'  (The  Komance  of 
Missions).  Very  well,  I  don't  envy  you.  I  have 
had  enough  of  it;  a  little  Arithmetic,  Theological 
Class-book,  Turkish  Grammar,  editing  a  Physiology, 
a  Turkish  Eeader — and  now  this  great  Bible  work. 
I  am  over- tasked;  have  not  an  ounce  of  extra 
strength. 

"^Did  I  ever  tell  you  much  of  Clara?  She  was  a 
very  sweet,  pure,  transparent,  truthful,  faithful 
child.  We  could  trust  her  anywhere.  We  sadly 
miss  her.  The  day  before  your  letter  came  was  her 
birthday.  How  old  she  is  now  I  cannot  reckon,  she 
has  gone  home — blessed  home!'" 

It  is  no  part  of  the  desire  or  design  of  the  writer 
to  represent  our  brother  as  faultless ;  he  was  a  man, 
and  so  not  perfect  till  he  passed  out  of  our  sight. 
But  those  who  knew  him  best  would  unite  in  say- 
ing that  his  character  had  ususual  completeness  and 
harmony.  There  were  no  towering  talents  or  achieve- 
ments set  off  by  equally  colossal  defects;  no  salient 
faults,  nothing  to  which  truthful  biography  requires 
the  writer  to  give  setting  or  permanence.  He  had 
not  commanding  physical  presence,  but  he  had  a 
certain  sparkle  of  mind,  rarer  and  finer  than  wit  or 
pleasantry;  his  utterances  were  ever  clear,  brief,  iu- 


REV.   A.    T.   PRATT,   M.D,  77 

cisive,  effective.  He  was  not  a  man  of  assumption, 
but  one  was  not  encouraged  to  trench,  a  second 
time,  on  what  was  his  clear  prerogative. 

On  one  occasion  he  was  talking  with  a  younger 
associate  about  a  missionary  question  in  the  settle- 
ment of  which  much  was  made,  in  certain  quarters, 
of  the  feelings,  or  amour-prope,  of  certain  brethren. 
Turning  round  in  his  quick,  incisive  way,  he  said: 

'  Brother ,  whenever  you  have  any  question  of 

Christian  duty  to  consider  and  decide,  just  put  your 
feelings  in  your  pockets.' 


XXIX. 

WEIGHT  OF  JUDGMENT  AND  BREADTH  OF  SCHOLARSHIP 

Dr.  Pratt  went  to  Constantinople  for  a  specific 
work,  but  he  was  a  member  of  the  Missionary  Sta- 
tion, and  the  soundness  of  his  judgment  and  the 
breadth  of  his  experience  in  all  phases  of  mission- 
ary work,  had  this  natural  result  th  at  his  advice  was 
much  sought,  and  his  judgment  had  great  weight 
in  connection  with  the  perplexing  questions  then 
arising. 

This  was  also  true  in  affairs  concerning  Kobert 
College,  near  which  he  resided;  and  had  he  lived  and 
enjoyed  even  the  tolerable  health  of  his  later  years, 
he  would  have  been  called,  probably,  to  a  profes- 


78 


AN   INTENSE   LIFE. 


sor's  chair  in  the  college.  And,  after  finishing  the 
work  of  Bible  translation,  he  would  doubtless  have 
accepted  a  i^osition  in  the  college.  He  could  have 
filled  such  a  position,  while  he  would  have  been 
unequal  to  the  physical  strain  of  resuming  the  mul- 
tifarious and  continuous  burdens  of  work  in  his  old 
and  loved  field,  south  of  the  Taurus  mountains. 

His  fitness  for  a  professorship  in  more  than  one 
branch  of  natural  science,  in  philology  or  meta- 
physics was  well  known.  One  brochure  of  his,  in 
philology  was  published,  years  ago,  by  the  Ameri- 
can Oriental  Society.  It  was  on  the  Turkish  lan- 
guage, and  the  different  alphabets  in  which  it  is 
written. 

XXX. 

RELATION   OF   A   LIFE  TO  ITS   RESULTS. 

Our  brother  was  a  man  of  enthusiasm  in  the  best 
sense  of  the  word,  not  the  enthusiasm  that  dashes  to 
the  front,  assumes  responsibilities  and  compromises 
others,  but  the  enthusiasm  of  hard,  steady,  silent 
work,  without  trumpet-blowing — which  he  detested 
— in  the  glowing  confidence  that  God  will  care  for 
all  the  issues.  A\'hile,  with  a  lively  faith,  he  looked 
for  "  immediate  and  tangible  results  "  of  work  done 
— and  saw  them — he  never  forgot  that  an  enduring 
spiritual  structure  can  be  built  only  on  solid  foun- 


KEV.   A.   T.   PRATT,  M.D.  79 

dations;  lie  was  patient  with  the  necessary  work 
of  clearing  away  rubbish,  and  finding,  or  making, 
something  solid  on  which  to  lay  the  foundation 
stones,  whether  in  ecclesiastical  or  educational  work. 
In  the  c'ty  of  Damascus,  builders  have  sometimes 
to  dig  through  debris  thirty  feet  thick  before  they 
can  find  the  solid  earth.  He  had  that  robustness  of 
faith  and  of  spiritual  fibre  that  accepts  the  condi- 
tions necessary  for  the  largest  and  most  lasting 
spiritual  results,  even  if  those  results  should  lie  be- 
yond the  life-span  of  one  generation  o^  workers. 

Growth  in  the  evangelical  work  in  Turkey,  since 
his  day  has  been  marked,  steady  and  in  all  direc- 
tions.   The  salient  points  are  mainly  these,  viz; 

1.  The  development  of  intelligent,  self-reliant, 
manly.  Christian  character,  in  the  more  than  three 
hundred  evangelical  communities,  manifesting  itself 
in  an  earnest  and  intelligent  assuming,  by  native 
Christians,  of  the  responsibility  of  sustaining  and 
administering  their  own  institutions;  and 

2.  In  a  demand  for  and  appreciation  of  higher 
Christian  education,  not  only  among  Protestants  but 
almost  equally  among  Arinenians  and  Greeks  which 
has  led  us  to  establish  colleges  and  high  schools 
for  both  sexes,  and  is  filling  them  with  paying  pu- 
pils. 

These  Evangelical  Christian  Institutions  hold  the 
leadership  in  education  in  all  Western  Asia,  and 


80  AN  INTENSE   LIFE. 

have  already  proved  to  be  those  foci  about  which 
are  organizing  the  several  interests  that,  at  one 
time,  threatened  to  disintegrate,  and  imperil  the 
future  of  Christian  unity.  These  institutions  are 
drawing  the  symi)athies  of  all  Christian  races,  and 
making  them  accessible  to  evangelical  influence.  To 
the  philanthropist  as  he  examines  the  outlook  in 
Western  Asia,  they  are  the  beacon  lights — electric 
lights — upon  the  hilltojjs.  In  their  light  we  hope 
and  we  trust  that  no  influence  hostile  to  vital  Chris- 
tianity will  be  permitted  to  dominate  the  re-awak- 
ening life  of  the  races  of  Asia  Minor  amid  impend- 
ing changes. 


XXXI. 

THE  CLOSING  SCENES. 

After  all  the  years  of  weakness  through  which 
our  brother  had  passed,  one  might  almost  think  that 
no  summons  to  enter  the  rest  and  service  of  the 
heavenly  life  could  be  either  unexpected  or  unwel- 
come. And  while  he  did  lay  down  his  work  in  the 
same  spirit  in- which  he  had  taken  it  up  twenty 
years  before,  viz.:  in  obedience  to  the  personal  call 
of  the  Lord  of  the  harvest,  yet  it  is  certain  that  it 
was  with  feelings  of  disappointment  that  he  learned 
that  he  had  an  incurable  disease,  and  that  his  re- 
maining day3  were  few.    He  loved  the  ministry  of 


REV.   A.   T.   PRATT,   M.D.  81 

Christ's  Gospel  in  this  worhl;  he  gladly  anticipated 
the  fulfillment  of  prophecy  concerning  the  spread 
and  triumph  of  the  Redeemer's  Kingdom,  and  in 
his  regard,  most  blessed  are  they  who  are  its 
heralds. 

Rev,  Prof.  A.  L.  Long,  D.D.,  of  Robert  College, 
has  kindly  communicated  the  following : 

"From  my  first  acquaintance  with  Dr.  Pratt,  a 
close  and  brotherly  intimacy  was  commenced  be- 
tween us,  which  continued  unbroken  until  I  closed 
his  eyes  as  he  passed  away  from  earth.  I  had  ex- 
ceptional opportunities  for  studying  his  inner  life 
and  character.  We  were  alone  together  when  the 
fatal  discovery  was  made,  revealing  the  hopeless 
character  of  the  malady  from  which  he  had  been, 
for  some  time,  suffering.  I  was  present  when  the 
consulting  physicians  endeavored  to  encourage  him 
and  to  rally  his  nervous  energies  to  a  struggle  for 
life.  He  submitttd  gently,  pleasantly,  courteously: 
but  his  own  professional  knowledge  prevented  him 
from  being  convinced  by  their  arguments.  After 
his  medical  advisers  had  left  him,  I  asked  him  if 
there  was  anything  I  could  do  for  him.  '  There  is,' 
said  he,  grasping  my  hand  warmly;  ^I  want  you  to 
stay  by  me  until  the  end.'  From  that  hour  till '  the 
end,'  which  came  in  about  six  weeks,  I  was  at 
his  bedside  or  within  call,  all  the  time  save  the 
regular  hours  devoted  to  my  classes  in  the  college. 


82 


AN  INTENSE  LIFE. 


We  talked  much  together  during  this  time.  Our 
topics  of  conversation  were  of  the  same  general 
character  as  that  to  which  we  had  been  accustomed 
in  former  times.  We  talked  of  scientific  discover- 
ies, of  biology,  of  archeology,  of  philology,  in  all 
of  which  he  took  great  interest,  and  had  amassed 
large  stores  of  information.  We  talked  also  of 
the  loving  Savior,  the  nature  of  personal  religion, 
and  the  blessedness  of  a  firm,  unfaltering  trust  in 
Christ,  and  of  a  personal  experience  of  his  pardoning 
love.  Then  we  talked  of  the  prospects  of  the  Gos- 
jDel  in  these  Oriental  lands,  and  some  of  the  special 
troubles,  which  about  that  time  were  trying  the 
hearts  of  the  missionary  brethren  and  all  the  friends 
of  missions  in  these  lands.  Those  were  blessed 
hours  of  sweet  brotherly  converse.  Through  the 
whole  of  that  period  of  suffering,  he  was  the  same 
thoughtful,  patient,  gentle.  Christian  scholar.  While 
there  was  no  rapturous  demonstration  of  joy,  there 
was  a  trust  which  never  for  a  moment  faltered;  and 
as  his  feet  touched  the  icy  stream,  and  he  bade  me 
an  affectionate  farewell,  there  was  upon  his  counte- 
nance that  expression  of  holy  peace  and  calm  which 
testified  of  the  sustaining  presence  of  Him  who  hath 
conquered  death  and  the  grave.  I  felt  that  the 
chamber  where  this  ^good  man  met  his  fate,'  was 
truly  a  privileged  place,  and  that  my  own  faith  was 
strengthened  by  the  experience  of  that  hour.    Years 


REV.  A.  T.  PRATT,  M.D.  83 

have  passed,  but  his  memory  is  fresh  and  green  in 
my  heart,  and  I  cherish  tlie  recollection  of  my  asso- 
ciation with  him  among  the  most  precious  of  the 
experiences  of  my  life." 
President  Washburn  of  Kobert  College  says: 
^^He  contemplated  death  with  perfect  calmness 
and  perfect  resignation,  and  we  sang  at  his  funeral 
the  chant,  ^  Thy  Will  be  Done,'  which  I  had  heard 
him  sing  by  himself  with  a  depth  of  feeling  that  I 
can  never  forget." 

He  died  December  5,  1872,  in  the  forty-seventh 
year  of  his  age,  at  his  home  at  Roumeli  Hissar,  and 
his  remains  were  quietly  laid  to  rest,  as  he  would 
have  chosen,  in  the  Protestant  cemetery  at  Feri- 
keny,  outside  of  Pera,  on  the  north,  on  a  height  west 
of  the  Bosphorus,  where,  with  some  who  wrought 
in  the  same  work  before  him,  with  many  members 
of  missionary  families,  he  awaits  the  final  reunion 
of  the  one  family  of  God. 


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seven  volumes.    Price  0/  set^  $4  20. 


Daniel,  the  Prophet.     Tenth  Thousand.    Paper  cover,  20c. 
cloth,  40c. 

The  Full  Assurance  of  Faith.   Seventh  Thousand.   Some 

thoughts  on  Christian  confidence.     Paper  cover,  15c,;  cloth,  25c. 

The  Way  and  the  Word.     Sixty-Fifth    Thousand.     Com- 
prising "Regeneration,"  and  "How  to  Study  the  Bible."  Cloth,  25c.; 
paper,  15  c. 

How  to  Study  the  Bible.  Forty-Fifth  Thousand.  Cloth,  15c. 

paper,  loc. 
The  Second  Coming  of  Christ.      Forty-Fifth    Thousand. 

Paper,  loc. 
Inquiry   Meetings.       By   Mr.    Moody  and   Maj.    Whittle. 

Paper,  15  c. 
Gospel  Booklets.     By  D,  L.  Moody.     12  separate  sermons. 

Published  in  small  square  form,  suitable  for  distribution,  or  inclosing  in 
letters.  35  centsper  dozen,  $2.50  per  hundred.  May  be  had  assorted  or 
of  any  separate  tract. 

Any  of  the  above  sent  postpaid  to  any  address  on  receipt  of  price. 
Special  rates  /or  distribution  made  known  on  application. 


CHICAGO:  \:\e>n\\T\^    U       DoifOll  NEW  YORK: 

1!«Ar50/lfarf/Mn»t  (  '^'"'V5    y*    i^V^^II*   12  Bible  House,  AstorPh 


MISSIONfiRY  PUBLICATIONS 


REPORT  OF   THE    CENTENARY    CONFERENCE    on  the 

Protestant  Missions  of  the  World.  Held  in  London,  June,  1888. 
Edited  by  the  Rev.  James  Johnston,  F.  S.  S.,  SecnsEfwy  of  the  Con- 
ference.    Two  large  Svo.  vols.,  1200  pages,  $2.00  net  per  set. 

An  important  feature  in  this  report,  lack  of  which  has  prejudiced  many  against  reports 
in  general,  is  the  special  care  taken  by  the  Editor,  who  has  succeeded  in  making  the  work 
an  interesting  and  accurate  reproduction  of  the  most  important  accumulation  of  facts  from 
the  Mission  Fields  of  the  World,  as  given  by  the  representatives  of  all  the  Evangelical 
Societies  of  Christendom, 

And  another:  The  exceptionally  complete  and  helpful  indexing  of  the  entire  work  in 
such  a  thorough  manner  as  to  make  it  of  the  greatest  value  as  a  I^ef  erence  Encyclopedia  oa 
mission  topics  for  years  to  come. 

THE  MISSIONARY  YEAR  BOOK  FOR  1889-90.  Containing 
Historical  and  Statistical  accounts  of  the  Principle  Protestant  Missionary- 
Societies  in  America,  Great  Britain  and  the  Continent  of  Europe. 

The  American  edition,  edited  by  Rev.  J.  T,  Gracey,  D.D.,  of  Buffalo,  embraces 
about  450  pages,  one-fourth  being  devoted  to  the  work  of  American  Societies,  and  will 
contain  Maps  of  India,  China  Japan,  Burmah,  and  Siam ;  also  a  language  Map_  of  India 
and  comparative  diagrams  illustrating  areas,  population  and  progress  of  Mission  work. 
This  compilation  will  be  the  best  presentation  of  the  work  of  the  American  Societies  in 
Pagan  Lands  that  has  yet  been  given  to  the  public.  The  book  is  strongly  recommended  by 
Rev.  Jas.  Johnston,  F.S.S.,  as  a  companion  volume  to  tlie  Report  of  the  Century  Con- 
ference on  Missions.    Cloth,  12mo.  81.25. 

GARENGANZE:  or,  Seven  Years*  Pioneer  Missionary  Work 
in  Central  Africa.  By  Fred.  S.  Arnot,  with  introduction  by  Rev. 
A.  T.  Pierson,  D.D.     Twenty  Illustrations  and  an  original  Map. 

The  author's  two  trips  across  Africa,  entirely  unarmed  and  unattended  except  by  the 
local  and  constantly  changing  carriers,  and  in  such  marked  contrast  with  many  modern  ad- 
venturers, strongly  impress  one  to  ask  if  another  Livingstone  has  not  appeared  among  _  us. 
Traversing  where  no  white  man  had  ever  been  seen  before,  and  meeting  kings  and  chiefs 
accustomed  only  to  absolute  power,  lie  demanded  and  received  attention  in  the  name  of  his 
God.    Cloth  Svo,  290  pages,  81.25. 

IN  THE  FAR  EAST :  China  Illustrated.  Letters  from  Gerald- 
ine  Guinness.  Edited  by  her  sister,  with  Introduction  by  Rev.  J. 
Hudson  Taylor.  A  characteristic  Chinese  cover.  Cloth  4to,  138 
pages,  $1.50. 

CONTENTS. 


'  Good-Bye 


Second  Class. 
On  the  Way  to  Chir^. 
Hong-Kong  and  Shanghai, 
First  days  in  the  Flowery  Land 
Opium  Suicides  amongst  Women. 


Ten  Days  on  a  Chinese  Canal. 


At  Home  in  our  Chinese  "  Haddon  Hall." 
By  Wheelbarrow  to  Antong. 
Life  on  a  Chinese  Farm. 
A  Visit  to  the  "  Shun  "  City. 
Blessing — and  Need  of  Blessing — 
In  the  Far  Eas'.;. 
Rev.  C.  H.  Spurgeok,  writes : 

"I  have  greatly  enjoyed  '  In  the  Far  East.'  God  blessing  it,  the  book  should  send 
armies  of  believers  to  invade  the  Flowry  Land." 

The  author  is  to  be  congratulated  fo,  the  taste  and  beauty  with  which  these  letters 
are  now  put  into  permanent  form.  A  full  paje  colored  map  of  China  enhances  this  ad- 
,nurable  gift  book. 


.,»rLr.^;.«.  F'emip^^.I^euell 


NEW  YORK:  Cf/:>min/AU     l^^iir>\\  CHICAGO: 

148  A  150  Madison  SL 


Popular  Missionary  Biographies. 

i2mo,  i6o  pages.     Fully  illustrated;  cloth  extra,  75  cents  each. 


Rev.  C.  H.  Spurgeon, 
•writes  : 

"  Crowded  with  facts 
that  both  interest  and  in- 
spire, we  can  conceive  of 
no  better  plan  to  spread 
the  Missionary  spirit  than 
the  multiplying  of  such 
biographies;  and  we 
would  specially  commend 
this  series  to  those  who 
have  the  management  of 
libraries  and  selection  of 

Erizes     in     our    Sunday 
chools." 


From  The  Missionary 
Herald : 

"We  commended  this 
series  in  our  last  issue, 
and  a  further  examma- 
tion  leads  us  to  renew  our 
commendation,  and  to 
t/r£'e  the  placing  cjf  this 
series  of  missionary  books 
in  ail  our  Sabbath-school 
libraries. 

These  books  are  hand- 
somely printed  and  bound 
and  are  beautifully  illus- 
trated, and  we  are  confi- 
dent that  they  will  prove 
attractive  to  all  young 
people." 


SAMUEL  CROWTHER,   the  Slave  Boy  who  became  Bishop  of 

the  Niger,     By  Jesse  Page,  author  of  "  Bishop  Patterson." 
THOMAS   J.  COMBER,  Missionary   Pioneer  to  the  Congo.      By 

Rev.  J.  B.  Myers,  Association  Secretary  Baptist  Missionary  Society. 
BISHOP  PATTESON,  the  Martyr  of  Melanesia.  By  Jesse  Page. 
GRIFFITH    JOHN,    Founder    of   the   Hankow  Mission,  Central 

China.     By  Wm.  Robson,  of  the  London  Missionary  Society. 
ROBERT   MORRISON,  the   Pioneer  of   Chinese   Missions.      By 

Wm.  J.  TowNSEND,  Sec.  Methodist  New  Connexion  Missionary  Soc'y. 
ROBERT  MOFFAT,  the  Missionary  Hero  of  Kuruman.    By  David 

J.  Deane,  author  of  "  Martin  Luther,  the  Reformer,"  etc. 
WILLIAM    CAREY,  the   Shoemaker  who  became  a  Missionary. 

By  Rev.  J.  B.  Myers,  Association  Secretary  Baptist  Missionary  Society. 
JAMES    CHALMERS,    Missionary    and    Explorer  of   Rarotonga 

and  New  Guinea.  Bv  Wm.  Robson,  of  the  London  Missionary  Soc'y. 
MISSIONARY  LADIES  IN  FOREIGN  LANDS.     By  Mrs.  E.  R. 

PiLMAN.,  author  of  ''  Heroines  of  the  Mission  Fields,"  etc. 
JAMES  CALVERT  ;  or,  From  Dark  to  Dawn  in  Fiji. 
JOHN  WILLIAMS,  the    Martyr   of    Erromanga.      By  Rev.  James 

J.  Ellis. 

UNIFORM    WITH   THE   ABOVE. 

THE  WORLD'S  BENEFACTORS. 

JOHN  BRIGHT,  the  Man  of  the  People.     By  Jesse  Page,  author  of 

"  Bishop  Patteson,"   "  Samuel  Crowther,"  etc. 
HENRY  M.  STANLEY,  the  African  Explorer.     By  Arthur  Mon- 

TEKIORE,  F.R.G.S.     Brought  down  to  1889. 
DAVID  LIVINGSTONE,  the  Pioneer  of  the  Dark  Continent. 


NEW  YORK : 
12  Bible  House,  A  stor  PI. 


ple/T\i9(^|^.I^euell 


CHICAGO: 
146  &  150  Madison  St. 


Foi{   Woi{K  JiffOfiq  G/fiLDHEff. 


Attractive  Truths  in  Lesson  and  Story.  By  Mrs.  A.  M.  Scudder,  with 
introduction  by  Rev.  F.  E  Clarke,  Prest.  Y.  P.  S.  C.  E.  12  mo; 
cloth,  $1  25. 

A  series  of  outline  lessons  with  illustrative  stories  for  Junior  Christian  Endeavor 
Societies,  for  Children's  meetings  and  for  home  teaching-. 

Not  only  for  workers  amongf  children  will  this  work  be  appreciated,  but  mothers 
will  find  it  a  delightful  Sunday  afternoon  volume  for  their  children,  sut^gesting  an  end- 
less variety  of  "occupations,"  besides  charming-  with  its  many  beautiful  stories. 

Children's  Meetings  and  How  to  Conduct  Them.     By  Lucy  J.  Rider. 

and  Nellie  M.  Carman,  introduction  by  Bishop  J.   H.  Vincent.   208 

pp.,  cloth,    illustrated,  $1  00;  paper  covers,  50  cents. 

"Mr.  Revell  has  conferred  a  favor  on  ttie  Christian  public,  especially  that  large 
part  of  it  interested  in  the  right  training  of  children,  in  publishing  this  most  practical 
work." — TAe  Advance. 

"Just  such  a  work  as  teachers  have  long  wanted.  It  will  at  once  take  a  place 
among  the  indispensables." — N.  T.  Observer. 

"Among  the  contributors  to  this  volume  are  nearly  all  the  best  known  Sunday- 
school  writers  of  this  country.  The  book  is  a  cyclopedia  of  helpful  hints  on  the  best 
plans  of  working  among  the  children,  plans  suggested  by  the  actual  experience  of  the 
contributors." 

Clear  as  Crystal.  By  Rev.  R.  T.  Cross.  Fifty,  five  minute  talks  on  les- 
sons from  Crystals.     206  pp.,  beveled  cloth,  $1  00. 

"The  Sermons  belong  to  the  five  minute  series,  and  are  models  of  what  can  be 
done  in  so  brief  a   space."— 7"-^^  Independent. 

"Most  interesting  in  style,  andftill  of  spirituality .  We  commend  this  volume  es- 
pecially to  teachers  who  understand  the  value  of  fresh  illustrations  from  nature." — 
The  Christian  at  Work. 

Talks  to  Children.  By  Rev.  T.  T.  Eaton,  D.  D.,  with  introduction  by 
Rev.  John  A.  Broadus,  D.  D.,  LL.  D,      16  mo.  cloth,  $1  00. 

"Dr.  Eaton's  Talks  appear  to  us  to  possess  in  an  utiusual  dfgree  the  qualities 
which  interest  and  profit  young  hearers  and  readers.  They  reproduce  Scripture  his- 
tory in  the  terms  of  modern  life  and  give  it  both  a  vivid  setting  before  the  youthful 
imagination,  and  a  firm  grip  on  the  youthful  conscience." — The  Independent. 

"We  have  exammed  this  work  with  intense  interest.  We  have  read  many  books 
of  this  kind,  but  -we  honestly  believe  that  this  volume  of  Dr.  Eaton*  s  excels  them  all.'''' — 
Central  Baptist. 

•'The  best  book  of  the  kind  we  remember  to  have  seen.  We  commend  it  especially 
to  parents  reading  aloud  to  their  children  Sunday  afternoon." — Examiner, 

Short  Talks  to  Young  Christians,     on  the  Evidences  of  Christianity. 

By  Rev.  C.  O.  Brow^N.     168  pages,  cloth,  50c.,  paper,  30  cents. 

"Books  that  are  really  useful,  on  the  evidences  of  Christianity,  could  almost  be 
counted  on  one's  fingers.     One  which  has  been  singled  out  from  a  ho«t  of  oth(  rs  by  its 

Elain  straight  forward  sense  is    'Short   Talks  to  Young  Christians  on  the  Evidences'. 
y  tiie  Rev.  C.  O.  'Bkovth.''''— Sunday  School  Times. 

Conversion  of  Children.  By  Rev.  E.  P.  Hammond.  A  practical  volume 
replete  with  incident  and  illustration.   Suggestive,  important  and  timely. 

184  pages,  cloth,  75  cents,  paper  cover,  30  cents. 
Young  People's  Christian  Manual.     By  Rev.  Chas  L.  Morgan.    32mo. 

booklet,  5  cents;  25  copies,  $1  00. 

A  Catechetical  Manual  for  the  instruction  of  the  young  for  use  in  Pastors'  Train- 
ing Classes,  Societies  of  Christian  Endeavor,  Sunday  School,  or  Family. 

"I  have  for  years  felt  the  need  of  something  of  this  sort.  I  wish  the  Manual, 
might  be  wanted  as  widely  as  I  am  sure  it  is  needed."— yo^/aA  Strongs  D.  Z>.,  author 
^*Our  Country." 

NEW  YORK:  CluminrtU      DfllfOll  CHICAGO: 

t8  Bible  House,  Astor  PI,     J'i^"l»7'l^  p«    ^y\^\^^*  J48dtISO^^<tdisonSt, 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY    / 
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U.C-  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


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